A Research On West Army In Early Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty is a multi-ethnic dynasty established by Jurchen.It started in Northeast China and lasted for more than 100 years.After the Jin destroyed Liao,under the joint proposal of the ministers and the Liao people who surrendered to Jin,Emperor Taizong of Jin ordered the Song Dynasty to establish the capital marshal ’s mansion.The Jin army went south in two ways,east and west,and the West Army was formally established.The West Army,led by Wanyan Zonghan,first entered Hedong from Datong(now Datong in Shanxi)and occupied vast areas formerly belonging to the Song Dynasty.Subsequently,he turned to the East and the West,bringing Hedong,Shaanxi,Henan,Shandong and other places into the rule of the Jin Dynasty,expanding the scope of the Jin Dynasty ’s rule and basically determining the scope of the Jin Dynasty ’s territory.The rise and fall of the West Army was closely related to the development of the military and political situation in the early Jin Dynasty.In the Song Dynasty,the West Army ruled the military and political affairs of the Central Plains with the right to act cheaply,and gradually formed a faction of military and political integration in the Central Plains-Military and Political Group of the West Army.In the struggle with the East Army,the West Army became more and more powerful.The commander Zonghan took over the military and political power in the Central Plains and participated in the political struggle in the early Jin Dynasty,which affected the political and military direction of the early Jin Dynasty.In the context of the centralization of power and the strengthening of imperial power in the Jin Dynasty,the contradiction with the imperial power was rapidly intensified,and the power was continuously weakened.The center of gravity of its rule was first controlled by the East Army,and then gradually returned to the central government of the Jin Dynasty.Under the direct jurisdiction,the West Army also gradually evolved into a military organization with a single function,only as an ordinary military force in the war against Song Dynasty.In addition to the introduction,this paper is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the establishment and source of the West Army.The West Army was founded in the 3rd year of Tianhui(1125).Wanyan Zonghan served as the commander of the West Army,then left deputy marshal,and ruled the main force of the West Army,becoming an important part of the early Jin Dynasty ’s attack on the Song Dynasty.In order to meet the needs of the war against the Song Dynasty,the Jin Dynasty established a unified army system.The West Army formed a six-level command system of Headquarters of a marshal-(Dutong)-Wanhu(Temu)-Qianhu(Meng ’an)-Baihu(Mouke)-Fifty Hu(Punian),and its main forces were organized according to the four levels of Wanhu(Temu)-Kianhu(Meng ’an)-Baihu(Mouke)-Fifty Hu(Punian),with flexible grouping.The West Army was composed of many ethnic groups.Except for Jurchen,Khitan and Han people,the army of Tatar,Dangxiang,Shiwei,Xiaohulu,Kirghiz,Uighur and so on came from Monan.The multi-ethnic composition provided sufficient soldiers for the West Army and enriched the military equipment of the West Army.The military generals and scholars in the West Army also contributed a lot in military and political aspects,helping the West Army to stabilize and expand its forces in the Central Plains.The second chapter is the West Army and attacked the Song in the early Jin Dynasty.In the early Jin Dynasty,it was difficult for the Nuzhen rulers to control the vast areas of the newly occupied Central Plains.The Marshal’s Office in the Central Plains was given greater power,and the generals of the West Army used this to expand their forces in the Central Plains.With the process of the Song Dynasty,the West Army gradually mastered the military decision-making power in the Central Plains,the decision-making power to the Song Dynasty,and the signing power in the struggle with the East Army,and contributed a lot in the first three Song Dynasty expeditions.The West Army gradually grasped the administrative power of the Central Plains and controlled the imperial examination and judicial power of the Central Plains by manipulating the cloud central secret court to annex the Yanjing secret court and support the puppet regime.However,under the political situation of centralization and strengthening imperial power in the Jin Dynasty,the forces of the West Army were constantly weakened.The center of gravity of its rule was first controlled by the East Army,and then gradually returned to the direct jurisdiction of the Jin Dynasty.The third chapter is the West Army Group and early Jin Dynasty party struggle.Since the beginning of the West Army,its main generals have been in political struggle.In several battles against Song,the West Army not only limited the growth of the East Army,but also took the initiative in the struggle for the puppet regime of puppet Qi,and its generals’ influence grew.In April of the tenth year of Tianhui(1132),the generals of the West Army held the military and political power in the Central Plains.After Emperor Xizong ascended the throne,the centralization of power in the Jin Dynasty continued to strengthen.Emperor Xizong recovered the military and political power of the West Army led by Wanyan Zonghan in the Central Plains by means of changing military power by phase,and the West Army gradually evolved into a single-function military organization.The West Army held military and administrative power in the Central Plains.Under the special historical background of the early Jin Dynasty,it maintained the rule of the Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains and provided security for the stable development of the emerging Jurchen regime.A series of measures taken by the military and political group of the West Army promoted cultural exchanges and ethnic blending,and objectively promoted the emergence and development of the Jin people’s " Chinese view." Of course,the acquisition of the power of the West Army was inseparable from Wanyan Zonghan ’s political interests.Under the historical background of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty strengthening imperial power and centralization,the military power and administrative power of the West Army headed by Zonghan in the Central Plains were recovered by Jin Xizong,and its abdominal forces and party feathers were mostly cut off.After the death of Zong Han and Xi Yin,the West Army only acted as a military force in the war against Song Dynasty.