Study On Inscriptions Of Song And Jin Grottoes In Yan’an

Inscriptions are one of the most important parts of grottoes and closely related to the development of grottoes.The active Buddhism policy adopted by the rulers of Song and Jin Dynasties and the special geographical location are the important background of the development of Yan’an Song and Jin grottoes.Song and Jin grottoes in Yan’an were mostly distributed around rivers and traffic lines,and the number of retained inscriptions was mainly determined by the political and military status of the place where the grottoes were located.Eptaph of the Song and Jin grottoes of Yan’an can be divided into four categories according to content.Eptaph of a diplomat can be classified into four categories: a diplomat to a story,a diplomat to a statue,a diplomat to an annotation,and a diplomat to a diplomat.Worship the Buddha,worship the Buddha and look at the Buddha;Business,travel,farewell,banquet visit the grottoes and leave inscriptions;The development history of grotto temples,military wars,natural disasters and so on are the main contents of chronicle inscription.Inscriptions on statues are further divided into five categories:inscriptions on folk statues,inscriptions on soldiers and officials,inscriptions on migrants,inscriptions on party and Jurchen familiars,inscriptions on statues whose identities cannot be determined.The number of words in annotated inscriptions is mostly short,simply recording the donor or time of the statue,and some of the information of the craftsman plays a role of annotation.The smallest number of eptaph tasks is difficult to judge because of very substantial eptaph.The records and statues reflect that the prosperity and prosperity of the grotto temple cannot be separated from the participation of the donors.According to the inscriptions,the donors of Yan’an Song and Jin grottoes can be generally summarized into four categories: ordinary believers,soldiers and officials,party-related households and Jurchen,migrants and special status.According to the scale of Buddhist activities and the size of their own financial resources,ordinary believers take on four different forms of organization.The soldiers and officials involved in the offerings of Yan’an Song and Jin Grottoes involved the forbidden army,the Tibetan army,some military posts,the local military system officials,civil and military officials and some officials in prefectures and counties.Dangxiang household is mainly along the Northern Song Dynasty Xiaohu ethnic group and Bianyi ethnic group.In addition to local Yanzhou,there are believers from other counties and other roads in Fuyan Road to participate in the offering;"Customer","tax household","wine household","city household","blacksmith","landlord","music people" and so on are also one of the identities of the donors.The historical data value of the inscriptions in Yan’an Song and Jin grottoes is also shown in providing relevant military information,showing issues related to temple property,reflecting ethnic exchanges and integration,showing the contents of the vow made by the statue makers,recording the occurrence of natural disasters,etc.,which provides detailed historical materials for our study of Yan’an Song and Jin grottoes and the history at that time.It is also of great significance to promote the study of history and culture in northern Shaanxi by studying the inscriptions of Song and Jin grottoes in Yan’an and excavating the historical information.