Predicament And Responses: A Study Of The Eighth Route Army’s Guerrilla Warfare On The Plain

Plain guerrilla warfare is an important part of guerrilla warfare,which was first proposed in April 1938 and then practiced in the major plain areas.However,in the specific practice process,the plain guerrilla warfare also encountered many difficulties,internal difficulties mainly because some leaders questioned the plain guerrilla warfare;external difficulties are since 1939,the Japanese and the fake to carry out several sweeping encroachment on North China,the plain areas bear the brunt,the most heavy losses.In response to the difficulties faced in the development of plain guerrilla warfare,the Communist Party and its leaders gradually explored ways of fighting in the plains that were different from those in the mountains.In terms of troop construction,troops were divided into small units to carry out activities;in terms of terrain,the terrain was transformed into "mountain-like" terrain by digging tunnels,breaking roads,and digging ditches;in terms of the masses,close contact with the masses and vigorously developing mass movements;and at the same time,the masses were linked to the mountainous areas.In terms of the masses,we are in close contact with the masses and develop mass movements;at the same time,we are interlinked with the mountainous areas,and the plains and the mountains rely on each other to carry out guerrilla warfare.The combination of small unit construction and political offensive was the main method to deal with the Japanese and the Japanese "sweeping" and "encroachment" in the North China Plain.Since it was difficult to carry out the activities of large units due to the fierce enemy sweeping in the plains,the main force could only be divided into small groups and carry out military struggle through small units.At the same time,it was difficult to compete with the Japanese and the pirates by force alone,so we had to rely on political offensives,i.e.,political offensives to reduce the will of the Japanese and the pirates to fight by means of propaganda and shouting.The combination of small unit construction and political offensive was an effective strategy of "three parts military,seven parts political" and the most important means of reducing losses and expanding advantages in the later stages.The most obvious difference between the plains and the mountains is the difference in terrain,in different terrain to carry out guerrilla warfare,will also take a very different way of combat and combat strategy.In contrast,guerrilla warfare in the mountains was the most active and effective form of warfare,while guerrilla warfare in the plains was a long period of exploration and exploration,gradually exploring a method of struggle that was closer to the mountains in terms of area and learning from the mountains in terms of struggle strategy,transforming the vast and endless plains into As a result,the use and transformation of terrain became an important way of guerrilla warfare in the plains.During this period,digging tunnels,digging ditches,breaking roads,and opening up new areas became the most common methods of terrain transformation and guerrilla warfare in the plains.The campaign of terrain transformation not only protected the lives and basic property of the people,but also promoted the smooth development of guerrilla warfare in the plains.This increased the interaction between the state and the grassroots,and contributed to the improvement of civil-military relations.Guerrilla warfare,in essence,is the embodiment of the highest form of mass struggle.Compared to guerrilla warfare in the mountains,one of the most obvious features of guerrilla warfare in the plains is that it relies more on the masses and is more closely linked to them.In the case of the army,it was mainly based on the war situation at that time,the concrete practice of people-oriented and the profound understanding of Mao Zedong’s idea of building the people’s army,from rent and interest reduction to production campaigns,transformation of village politics,cultural education,etc.,to protect the immediate interests of the masses,thus promoting the mass movement;in the case of the masses,it was mainly feedback on the friendly behavior of the army.In the case of the masses,it was mainly to give feedback to the army’s friendly behavior,to support the CCP’s "double support" policy,to organize self-defense groups and other civil groups to fight against the Japanese invasion,and to promote the strengthening of the Party’s monolithic leadership,so as to reduce the burden of the 8th Route Army in combat and to make the Party,the government,the military and the people form an "integrated responsibility" development system.According to the contrast between the enemy and us and the difference in combat terrain,land guerrilla warfare can be divided into plain guerrilla warfare and mountain guerrilla warfare,which have similarities in relying on the masses,independence,and the establishment of base areas,but also have differences in terrain transformation,guerrilla tactics,and the degree of reliance on the masses,so as to seek commonalities while reserving differences,thus highlighting the uniqueness of plain guerrilla warfare.At the same time,the plain guerrilla warfare in the process of implementation both summed up the experience,but also exposed the problems,taking the essence of its dross,the tactical thinking of the plain guerrilla warfare enriched the overall guerrilla warfare strategy connotation and scope.The development of the plains guerrilla warfare of the Eighth Route Army symbolizes the tortuous and complicated history of the Chinese Communist Party’s resistance,and reflects the development of the Chinese Communist Party from weakness to strength,from fragmentation to concentration.The plain guerrilla warfare conducted by the Eighth Route Army provided a solid guarantee for the liberation of the North China Plain,occupying an important place in the history of the Chinese Revolution.