Research On The Composition Method Of "Baofu" Of Cross Talk

As a kind of comic art,the most important way for crosstalk(Beijing crosstalk in this article)to realize its artistic value is that actors use means to make people laugh in their performances,that is,to create "baofu".Therefore,understanding the mechanism of crosstalk to create "baofu" is the core of understanding this art.As for this,crosstalk artists have gradually accumulated a set of empirical "knowledge group" in the process of inheritance,which not only supports the development of crosstalk art itself,but also is a powerful supplement to the knowledge base of the world’s comic art.However,these experiences have long been spread in the process of "mouth to mouth" in the attitude of "can only be understood,cannot be conveyed",so their accuracy are not guaranteed.Although many predecessors have tried to interpret and describe them with more accurate and standardized language and theoretical tools,they have not reached the sufficient level of academy.So this necessitates further research.In the past,people’s interpretation of the construction mechanism of cross talk "baofu" can be divided into three levels,namely,the principle of comedy art,the construction methods of "baofu" and the specific skills of cross talk "baofu" performance."Principle" is unique and universal,applicable everywhere,and can be used to explain all the phenomenon of laughter;"Skill" is diverse and specific,pointing to specific performance actions and phenomena,while "method" is somewhere in between--the construction methods of "baofu" is the composition of specific skills in crosstalk performance rules and the performance of comic principles in the form of crosstalk.This level is not enough discussed by predecessors,but also the most guiding link for the art practice.It is necessary to clarify this level for further academic construction of crosstalk art.Generally speaking,the generation of "baofu" requires the work to have a comedic content structure(character image and relationship)as the basis,and then the actor needs to use certain language skills on this basis to present and create "baofu".These language skills each follow a certain path and target direction,corresponding to different mental activities of people laugh,and these paths are the so-called construction methods of "baofu".In summary,cross talk should have three main ways to construct "baofu"--"presenting farcicality","humorous expression" and "creating expectations to be disappointed".These three methods are named from the previous literature,especially "farcicality" and "humor",which have specific connotations.The so-called "funny presentation" method is to show the farcical words and deeds directly on the stage and highlight them;The so-called "humorous expression" method is characterized by the "twists and turns" language expression and then make the audience aware of the twists and turns and then understand its meaning;The key to the "false expectations" approach is to build the audience’s expectations and then break them.These three methods in the specific performance practice will have a variety of forms,and these specific expression is also the artist group of artistic experience to observe the object.Therefore,to grasp the construction method of "baofu" has the significance of sketching out the artistic experience and discourse of cross talk.It should be noted that the composition method of "baofu" is not a classification basis.Because most of these methods are used in combination in artistic practice,a funny material can be treated and presented with multiple linguistic techniques,so a "baofu" can also be interpreted from multiple perspectives,classification can only be futile.In addition,these three construction methods are not derived from theoretical deduction,but from the induction of practice.Whether there is inevitability in their juxtaposition and what relation between them remains to be studied yet.However,practice can verify that it is of positive significance to take these three construction methods as the coordinate system to locate and analyze the "baofu" mechanism of crosstalk.If continued to supplement and improve,it is believed that it will provide impetus for the theoretical construction and practical development of crosstalk art.