A Study On The Import Trade Of Bulk Commodities At Yadong Customs In Modern Tibet

Yadong port is located in the back of Tibet near the region of Shigatse,east of Bhutan,west of India,the south crosses the border between India and Bhutan,the border line is about 300 kilometres long is an important strategic point in modern western China,but also in modern China and Britain(India),Nepal,Bhutan,Kashmir and other South Asian countries to carry out border trade in the main trade channel.In modern times,with the end of the first wave of the industrial revolution in Britain,the position of the British factory of the world in the trade economy gradually declined,especially the woollen textile industry in the European market was gradually replaced by East India and lost its international competitiveness,India as a British colony,although long-term export of raw materials and goods to Britain,but the trade structure has not changed.This led to the problem of overproduction and forced the British(Indian)countries to look for new trade markets to alleviate the economic problems of the long-term trade deficit between Britain and China.At the same time,the Chinese border with India in Tibet had long maintained a small-scale traditional border trade,and the British capitalists thought that by opening the Yadong port to open up the Tibetan-British(Indian)import and export trade channel to capture the Tibetan market,a large amount of British(Indian)rupees would flow into Tibet to alleviate the trade deficit problem.The Yadong Port was the only commercial port between Tibet and India from1895 to 1906,and it had an important position in the Tibetan-British(Indian)trade.This paper examines the trade trends,the overall quantity and value of trade commodities,the overall structure of trade commodities,the tendency of trade commodities,and the general situation of trade in bulk imports at Yadong Pass,based on archival materials,correspondence data,and annual trade reports,as well as the perspective of individual trade commodities at Yadong Pass.A study of the individual commodities of the import trade.It includes a study of individual commodities:production,countries of supply,consumer groups,trade links,prices,annual changes in quantity and value,the impact of different production groups,traders and export commodities on the economy of the Tibetan authorities,a cross-sectional comparison of prices and market supply and demand in several regions various Chinese customs offices(including the North Korean market)over the same period,and an in-depth study of the interaction between different markets for the same commodity.The interactions between different markets for the same commodity are explored in depth.The focus is on the country of origin,production costs,trade routes,Tibetan consumers,final flows of goods,trade links,price changes,price comparisons between the importing country’s market and the Asian and Eastern import markets and the Tibetan consumer market,importers,relevant influencing factors and other relevant issues under each category are explored in depth.And by conducting a horizontal comparative study and analysis of the import situation,tariffs and other taxes,unit prices sold,unit prices bought and the Yadong customs imports in the same case,in the same period or in different regions(domestic customs and commodity export destination countries)in a similar period or in a similar period,and exploring their interactive influence relationship concludes a relatively objective trade conclusion.It is argued that Tibetan foreign trade was a product of the special natural geography of Tibet under the prevailing conditions,a reflection of the social production conditions in Tibet and most of China at the time,and a result of the forced integration of Tibet into the Anglo-Indian capitalist economic system by the British by force,and a part of the forced involvement of the whole of China in the capitalist economic system.Summarising the overall pattern of import commodity trade in the modern Yadong Customs in the context of the modern Tibetan economy and the actual development of the Yadong Customs,the possible value and significance of the development of the modern Yadong border trade in terms of political system,economic development,especially in terms of the structure,quantity,scale,variety,value and changes in consumer demand of the commodities traded.It also discusses the importance of the modern Yadong Customs in the development of the Tibetan border economy and its key pivotal role in the construction of the trade corridor between China and South Asia,as well as the future prospects for trade development at Yadong Customs.It is argued that the modern Yadong-centred South Asian trade sphere still has great potential for trade development,and that if full advantage is taken of the Yadong trade location and the special characteristics of the Tibetan commodity structure,it will greatly contribute to the development of modern Tibetan border trade,especially the prosperous development of modern Tibetan-Indian border trade.