A Study On The Group Of Female Teachers In Primary And Secondary Schools In Modern Shangha

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the“teachers of inner chambers” appeared in the south of the Yangtze River.Shanghai’s economy further developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,growing into a national cotton textile center,the so-called "Songjiang cotton fabric covering all the world".With the development of economy and the prosperity of culture and education in Shanghai,the number of "teachers of inner chambers" has been increasing.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic,the "teachers of inner chambers" was gradually replaced by the professional female teachers trained by modern women education.Women’s education in modern China is the product of the transformation of modern society,which originated from the missionaries’ establishment of women’s church schools in China before and after the Opium War.In 1850,the American missionary Mrs.Elijah Coleman Bridgman established the first female school in Shanghai.With the establishment of female schools in Shanghai by missionaries,Shanghai gradually had a certain number of female teachers.In 1898,Shanghai set up the first self-built women’s school in the country-Jingzheng Women’s School,employing Chinese and foreign talented women as teaching staff.With the initiative of the reformers,the trend of setting up women’s schools rose all over the country.The development of women’s schools has increased the demand for women teachers.Women’s normal education flourished before Shanghai led women’s studies in modern times.Women’s schools run by Chinese and Christian,and independent women’s normal schools have been established,such as Jinghua Women’s Normal School,Nanyang Women’s Normal School,Liangjiang Women’s Normal School,etc.Under the cultivation of modern women education and women normal education,the number of women teachers in Shanghai gradually expanded and became one of the main groups of professional women.The life of female teachers in modern times is quite different from that of old women,and different from other professional women groups.In their professional life,they work hard to teach and properly deal with the relationship between teachers and students and their colleagues.In their family life,they have an independent income and will,and their views on love,marriage and family have gradually changed.In their social life,they participated in various progressive activities in modern times,played a positive role and had a considerable social impact.Women teachers in Shanghai in modern times went from family to society.They gained high social prestige and made great contributions to modern education and social undertakings in Shanghai.