Research On Han Yu's Buddhist Poems And Essay

During the Middle Tang Dynasty,Han Yü was a combination of the bureaucrat,the Confucian,and the literati.Han Yü’s fate,ideological,cultural,and literary achievements were closely related to Buddhism.However,scholars’ opinions were quite divergent,one of the reasons for which was the lack of comprehensive consideration of Han Yü’s poetry and prose related to Buddhism.This article,from the specific perspective of Han Yü’s "Buddhist poetry and prose",conducts a centralized collation and study of Han Yü’s relevant works,with a view to obtaining a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the relationship between Han Yü’s literature and Buddhism.The text of this article is divided into four chapters,with an introduction before the text.The introduction briefly explains the significance of this study,summarizes the current research of scholars on the relationship between Han Yü and Buddhism,reviews the research results,defines the relevant concepts involved in this paper,and puts forward my own research focus and research methods.The first chapter takes the relationship between literati,literature and Buddhism as the object of discussion,and explores the different characteristics of the three periods of pre-Tang literati,literature and Buddhism;Tang literati,literature and Buddhism;and the mid-Tang literati,literature and Buddhism,then analyzes and summarizes them with case studies,with a view to reflecting the background of the relationship between Han Yü and Buddhism from a macro perspective.The second chapter is Han Yü’s Buddhist deeds and overview,clarifying the relationship between Han Yü and Buddhism from two aspects of life and friendship.In Han Yü’s life,it involves two aspects of his living environment and life fate:Han Yü was born in a Confucian family,while he lived in Chang’an,Shaozhou and other places where had a strong Buddhist atmosphere and promoted Buddhism at that time;Han Yü was an official in Luoyang and Chang’an,and was banished twice.Along the way from Yangshan to Jiangling,there were a lot of Buddhist poems and articles,especially the banish of Chaozhou,which was due to the admonition to emperor Xianzong against welcoming the Buddhist bones.In Han Yü’s friends,Han Yü likes to make friends with monks,but he has a complex emotional attitude towards monks,with likes and ridicules;Han Yü is also surrounded by many Buddhist scholars,this paper selects three most important figures:Zhang Ji,Liu ZongYüan,and Li Ao to discuss their profound impact on him;And Han Yü likes to visit Buddhist temples for different purposes,and expresses deep feelings about life in Buddhist temples.The third chapter is the content and theme of Han Yü’s Buddhist poems and essays,which is divided into three sections.First of all,it is divided into five levels according to the content,including politics,economy,ideology,culture and other five levels.Combining with historical data and Han Yu’s life,it comprehensively displays the content of his Buddhist poems and essays,analyzes them one by one,and summarizes his basic views and attitudes towards Buddhism.The second section focuses on its purpose from three aspects,including the establishment of Confucianism to respect Confucianism,and the establishment of Confucian orthodoxy by learning from Buddhism’s "teacher tradition";From the standpoint of Chinese culture as the main body,it rejects Buddhism,respects China and repels foreigners;In the concept of literature and art,opposing the indifference of Buddhism and advocating the enlightened way are the core of Han Yü’s anti-Buddhist theory.This paper uses the research methods such as concept definition to demonstrate and reason differently from the previous ones.The third section is about Han Yü’s choice and integration of Buddhist scriptures.In addition to learning from the "teachers preach"of Buddhism,Han Yü also learned from the "theory of mind and nature" in Buddhist scriptures to establish the Confucian "theory of temperament";In his later years,Han Yü reflected his absorption of Buddhism in his introspection and contemplation of himself.This section,referring to the book "Zutang Collection",discusses his discussion of Buddhism with the monk Dadian.However,Han Yü did not really believe in Buddhism,indicating the contradictions of his thoughts.The fourth chapter is about the reference and application of Han Yü’s poems and essays to the Buddhist scriptures in artistic techniques,which is divided into three sections.The first section is embodied in the absorption of the argumentation methods of the Buddhist scripture "Hongming Collection" by the argumentation of Han’s essays,including the definition of concepts,the detailed number analysis and the combination of breaking up,which have an important impact on the creation of Han Yü’s original text of "Wu Yüan".The second section expounds that Han Yü used the allusions of the Buddhist scriptures in his poems.In addition to previous studies,this paper finds that there are four new uses of allusions of Buddhist scriptures in his poems,which make the poems "strange" and bring new reading experience.In the last section,Han Yü’s poems and essays draw on the artistic techniques of Buddhist scriptures,which are respectively the use of metaphor and allegory.This paper analyzes in detail the use of the shell of the allegory of "fire house metaphor" in the"Fahua Sutra" in Luhun Mountain Fire,which is a new creation.