A Micro-level Study On International Students’ Acquisition Of Chinese Existential Sentences Based On Verb Lexical Hierarchy

Chinese existential sentence is one of the important and difficult grammatical items for International learners.However,it is found that International learners mostly use existential sentence with the word “you” and the word “shi”,and rarely use other forms of existential sentence from the HSK dynamic composition corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University.And the function of Chinese existential sentences to express existential meaning focuses on verbs.In addition,from a macro perspective,with the increase of verb difficulty,learners’ s errors will increase;with the improvement of learners’ Chinese proficiency,the errors of learners will decrease.However,are the acquisition laws of existential sentences of verbs of different levels consistent with the acquisition laws of universal cognition from a microscopic point of view? The academic circles need to do further exploration in this field.Therefore,this paper attempts to study the second language acquisition of Chinese existential sentences from a microscopic perspective based on verb lexical hierarchy.Firstly,this paper summarized the research on the ontology of Chinese existential sentences and second language acquisition,and selectd twelve verbs from the vocabulary level outline of new Chinese level(HSK)as the investigation content based on the research questions raised in the article.Secondly,the questionnaire was designed according to the research questions and contents.After two rounds of trial tests,the questionnaire was modified,and then two rounds of questionnaires were distributed and recovered.Next,this paper sorted out the data of the collected questionnaire and analyzed the errors of the collected corpus.Finally,this paper made a comparative analysis of the acquisition rules of existential sentences of different grades of verbs and the acquisition rules of general cognition from a microscopic point of view,found out the differences between them,explained the reasons,and put forward teaching suggestions.The article mainly conducts the step-by-step and cross-level analysis of the acquisition errors of learners of different Chinese proficiency from the error rate and error type microscopically,compares the similarities and differences between the acquisition rules of different levels of verbs in existential sentences and the acquisition rules of general cognition,analyzes the reasons for the differences and puts forward some teaching suggestions.Through the research,it is found that the acquisition rules of the selected existential sentences of these twelve verbs are consistent with the acquisition rules of general cognition as a whole.However,there are also some verbs in which the acquisition rules of existential sentences are inconsistent with the law from a microscopic point of view.For example,learners have a higher error rate when they acquire existential sentences with verbs “Shi”,“Xia”,“Chuan”,“Zhang”,“Xiang”,“Shou” and “Ding” than those with verbs that are less difficult to acquire.From the perspectives of grammar,semantics and pragmatics,the reasons behind the unpredictable acquisition phenomenon based on verb vocabulary levels are analyzed,and corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward.