| The Commercial Press was founded in 1897 and maintained until the founding of the People’s Republic of China after the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.During the period of the war,the Commercial Press responded flexibly and adjusted its development strategy as the situation changed.As an early leader,Zhang Yuanji assisted the Commercial Press in its transformation from a printing office to a large publishing institution.He continued to serve as chairman of the Board of the Commercial Press after his retirement and had a great influence on its development during the War of Resistance against Japan.Since the Japanese army invaded China in 1931,China’s politics,economy,culture and other aspects have been affected.The publishing industry,as a cultural sector,is also suffering.Before the war,Shanghai was the cultural center as well as the publishing center of the country.After the war,Shanghai was destroyed,and the publishing center began to shift.Many cities became the wartime publishing center one after another.The general management office of the Commercial Press is also changing in the tide of the transfer of publishing center.Under the efforts of Zhang Yuanji and others,the Commercial Press continued to operate and publish books during the war,and maintained its position as an important publishing town.During the war,Zhang Yuanji was in charge of the decision-making and direction of the commercial Press.Therefore,although Zhang Yuanji was not the general manager of the Commercial Press during the War of Resistance against Japan,he also influenced its decision making.Since Zhang Yuanji had retired from the supervision post during the war,there are few discussions about the relationship between the Commercial Press and Zhang Yuanji during the war.The author divides the main body of the article into four parts,respectively discusses Zhang Yuanji’s influence on the Commercial Press during the war.Chapter one is the introduction.The second chapter mainly analyzes the development of the Commercial Press before the war,and gives an account of the social background and publishing environment during the war,including the national and Shanghai publishing environment,which lays a foundation for the study of the Commercial Press during the war.The third chapter is the main part of the article.Firstly,it selects and analyzes the wartime related proposals proposed by Zhang Yuanji in the board of directors.Then,taking the war as the time node,it can be divided into four periods: after the Jan.28 War,after the Aug.13 War,after the Pacific War,and the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,to discuss how Zhang Yuanji maintained the Commercial Press in each period of the war.The fourth chapter summarizes the characteristics of the Commercial Press in wartime from the aspects of publishing style and management policy through horizontal and vertical comparison.The last chapter abstracts the policy of the Commercial Press during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,including the policy inherited from Zhang Yuanji and the policy innovated under Zhang Yuanji’s influence.As the founding father of the Commercial Press,Zhang Yuanji has always played an important role in the operation and trend of the Commercial Press.At the same time,through the actions Zhang Yuanji took to maintain the Commercial Press during the war,it can be seen that Zhang Yuanji had a certain vision of the current situation,and could accurately grasp the changes of the situation,so as to make judgments and reactions,so that the Commercial Press could operate effectively even in the war. |
