Research On Plato's Thoughts On Punishment And Justic

Plato pioneered the thought of justice in the history of western thought.As the first philosopher and thinker to systematically discuss the theory of justice,the scholars of later generations have done a lot of research on his thoughts of justice,but there are very few researches on his thoughts of punishment and justice.Although Plato’s own works have not systematically and accurately discussed the theory of punishment justice,his thoughts on punishment are rich in profound historical factors and rich philosophical connotations,and have become an integral part of his political ethics.Therefore,Plato The importance of the research on the thought of punishment justice in political ethics cannot be ignored."Punishment" is usually linked to the theory of retribution.Being punished means to be forced to suffer pain and loss to some extent.Therefore,punishment is rooted in the belief that it is a kind of "evil" that one is afraid to avoid.Plato’s thought of punishment is rooted in his age and the soil of reality.In order to save the city-states of Athens and Greek civilization that were on the verge of danger after the failure of the Peloponnesian War,he proposed a retributive punishment that was different from the traditions of the same time.The point of view is that punishment is "good" in a different way,and a means to achieve the supreme goal of "good".The core philosophical connotation of Plato’s thought of punishment and justice is to diagnose and correct unrighteous souls,so as to restore the healthy order of souls,so that the righteous souls can form an orderly and just city-state and regain happiness from it.Plato’s thought of punishment is actually the theory of soul transformation.If the soul is in order,the city can be free from chaos.The foundation of a righteous city is order,and only tens of thousands of virtuous people can build an orderly city.In order to maintain the justice of the city-state,the unrighteous soul must be corrected,and the soul must be restored to order through the transformation of punishment,thus fulfilling the main task of Plato’s political ethics.This thesis takes punishment and justice as the entry point,and aims to discuss the following issues one by one.Firstly,to clarify the expression form and theoretical basis of Plato’s thought of punishment,and how it relates to the history,law,politics and other fields of the time.Secondly,Why Plato believes that punishment is one of the means to achieve justice,and what value does his thought of justice of punishment have for his ethical and political philosophy.Thirdly,Plato’s thought of justice of punishment not only has important enlightening significance for current social behavior norms,but also It has profound reference significance for the field of criminal justice.Among them,the "punishment" discussed in this article focuses on judicial punishment.The reason is that judicial punishment has the dual function of domestication and coercion.Domestication is to correct wrong thoughts and behaviors through persuasion and education,and coercion is judicial punishment.Compared with other fields,it has stricter compulsion and authority.Judicial punishment is also related to how to restore the universal justice of human society.Plato’s later works emphasized that a life in accordance with the sacred law is to live a sacred life by following the will of the gods.This type of punishment is not only related to Legal issues are also related to issues of moral philosophy and political philosophy.The first chapter of this article will explore the meaning and origin of punishment.Firstly,it will focus on the analysis of why punishment was born in the competition of natural selection.Since rewards can motivate people to cooperate more than punishment,why punishment has become an indispensable maintenance society today.Means of cooperation.Secondly,in the original society,the principle of "balanced reciprocity" was an important yardstick to measure the reasonableness of punishment,while Plato’s thought of punishment broke away from the principle of balanced reciprocity,which was oriented only on objective results.He advocated that the correct punishment is not about form,but It can get rid of subjective malignancy and avoid objective harm,play the role of "predict for good and go for evil",and correct mistakes in society to restore justice.In Plato’s thought of punishment justice,justice and punishment form a relationship between purpose and means.The justice of "rule of virtue" is the purpose of "rule of law",and the punishment of "rule of law" is the means to realize the justice of "rule of virtue".The second chapter discusses Plato’s thoughts of punishment justice.There is an inseparable relationship between his thoughts of punishment and justice.First,it analyzes the internal and external factors and its core concepts of the formation of his justice theory.Then based on Plato’s representative dialogues,combing his expositions on the thought of punishment,and exploring in detail the theoretical basis and value meaning of his thought of punishment justice from the perspectives of essence,means,and objects.Plato hopes to correct injustice through punishment.Because the unrighteous soul guides the evil behavior,the root of all evil comes from the unrighteous soul of the soul,and justice can be restored only through punishment and healing of the soul.Its view of justice emphasizes the unity of justice in large characters and justice in small characters,so that the city-state composed of thousands of righteous souls can obtain the overall city-state justice.Therefore,the large-character justice can build a harmonious city-state and lead to "the best".There is a profound historical background and philosophical implication behind the theory of punishment,which is the embodiment of the unity of the rule of virtue and the rule of law,which constitutes an organic part of its political ethics philosophy.The third chapter further explores the enlightenment and significance of Plato’s thought of punishment justice to the justice field in contemporary society.The development of human society still needs to rely on punishment to achieve fairness and justice.Relevant enlightenment can be obtained for many fields that require punishment,such as jurisprudence,psychology,and pedagogy,and the purpose of punishment must be clarified before adopting punishment methods.Especially as a judicial type of punishment,it is not the goal to punish the offender’s body to obtain equivalent retribution.Punishment is a means that should exist for the restoration of fairness and justice.Does it correct the criminal’s soul,thereby restoring the disrupted social order and reconstructing it? For better social relations,if the best result can be obtained through the correction of punishment,it should eliminate the need for punishment in the social order.The characteristic of the origin of human society is to build a stable cooperative relationship.The indispensability of punishment is reflected in the ability to effectively induce people to cooperate in social mechanisms and prevent the appearance of unrighteous people in the society from violating order.The value of Plato’s thought of punishment justice for today’s judicial punishment is that punishing the body of the criminal to compensate for the wrongful behavior itself does not maximize the beneficial social effects of punishment,but should focus on the future.The most important thing is to reform and correct the unrighteous souls of the betrayers and wrongdoers in society by means of punishment,restore the order of the soul and social justice,so as to repair the social relations that have been destroyed,and let everything develop in a better direction.