| Zhang Tongchang was an important person of the Zhang family in Jiangling of Ming Dynasty and an outstanding representative of the jingchu dynasty.Up to now,few academic papers have systematically studied zhang Juzheng’s descendants,especially about Zhang Tongchang.The study of Zhang Tongchang will help to further deepen the study of Zhang Juzheng’s family,promote the organic combination of jingzhou’s cultural history and cultural connotation,extend the scope and depth of the study of the literati and official class in the Southern Ming Dynasty,and the topic is innovative to some extent.Although Zhang Tongchang was born into a famous family,he fell down in the family hierarchy.He became an official because of his family achievements and died unyieldingly loyal to the Southern Ming Dynasty.He was deeply influenced by his family history,temperament,physical appearance and value orientation inherited from his family.He was generous and righteous,well-read and wrote a great deal.The existent historical records of Zhang Tongchang’s life are brief and even blissful.Through careful sorting and mutual verification of historical materials,zhang Tongchang’s life experience has been more accurate and comprehensive re-textual.Zhang Tongchang should be born in the Emperor Wanli’s 35 years on December 19 Yin time,namely the Gregorian calendar 1608 February 4 3-5,died in the Yong Li ’s 4 years December(leap November)17 hour,namely the Gregorian calendar 1651 January 8 7-9;His wife Xu died before Zhang Tongchang and the couple had no children.Zhang Tongchang had been an official for eleven years,which can be roughly divided into three stages: Chongzhen period,Southern Ming Longwu period,and Southern Ming Yonglasting period.He gradually rose with the official rank.He made suggestions in court and ran for the state affairs.In the last period,Zhang Tongchang reaching peak,realize from the book scheeren to ministry of war assistant minister,reimbursing,overseers and southwest of the qing dynasty battle.Zhang Tongchang was free and easy,and had a wide range of friends,such as qu Si,Wang Fuzhi and other famous scholars,such as Qian Bingstiru,Jin Bao and other teachers and friends,such as Monk Hungrong,Kong Zilai,Lu Shizhi and other intellectuals,which had a positive influence on Zhang Tongchang’s life path,poetry style and spiritual world.Zhang Tongchang was a poet.Most of his poems were lost and lost as time went by.Now,only "the poems of Gong Zhan Sima Beishan" and "the poems of have been handed down.A total of 131 poems have been collected.Most of his poems have not been checked,except 19 poems in Chu Feng Bu Schoolnotes and a few poems extracted from modern and contemporary books.Based on "Gong Zhan Si Ma Zhang Gong Bi Shan’s Poems" collected in "Ming Bei Ji Cong Journal·No.5·No.57" and "Bi Shan Shi Chao" collected in the National Library,this paper makes a preliminary correction of Zhang Tongchang’s poems through sentence breaking,text proofreading and dictionary analysis.The poems of Zhang Tongchang,centering on the themes of loyalty to the king and the country,narration and action,missing relatives and friends,remembering the country and hometown,and clarifying his ambition in the face of disaster,show the strong and sad,desolate and sad,generous and unrestrained,and sincere style characteristics,which show different styles in the poems of scholars martyred in the late Ming Dynasty.In the context of the transformation of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the historical and cultural background of the Chinese nation,zhang Tongchang,as one of the representatives of the Literati and officials of Jingchu,has a certain historical value and cultural significance in promoting patriotism,loyalty and integrity,and has played a certain historical role in the process of condensing national identity and constructing the spiritual lineage of the Chinese nation.Although Zhang Tongchang had historical limitations,he did not have the ability to turn back the tide and stabilize the country,nor did he reverse the declining trend of the War in the Southern Ming Dynasty,and there were extreme and extreme defects in his character,objectively speaking,his loyalty,courage,extraordinary talent and behavior should be recognized by history and more attention from the academic world. |
