The Electrophysiological Mechanism Of Implicit Cognitive Reappraisal In Healthy Aged Adults And Aged Adults With Parkinson’s Disease

Background: With the aging of the population in China,there are more and more patients with Parkinson’s disease.Emotion disorder is one of the main non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.It is of great significance to explore the emotion regulation ability of the elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease.Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation strategy that changes emotion responses by reinterpretation the meaning of a emotion situation.Implicit cognitive reappraisal is a kind of cognitive reappraisal completed without the participation of consciousness and the motivation of emotion regulation.Implicit cognitive reappraisal consumes less cognitive resources and is an efficient adaptive emotion regulation strategy.It is not clear whether the implicit cognitive reappraisal ability in the PD patients is decreased,and whether its mechanism is related to aging or brain damage caused by Parkinson’s disease.Objectives: 1.To explore the differences in implicit cognitive reappraisal between the elderly and the young.2.To explore the difference of implicit cognitive reappraisal ability between the healthy aged adults and the aged adults with Parkinson’s disease and its neuroelectrophysiological mechanism.Methods: There are two experiments in this study.A total of 25 young subjects and23 elderly subjects in experiment 1 and a total of 23 older adults and 18 older adults with Parkinson’s disease in experiment 2 were recruited.Both of the two experiments were used the implicit cognitive reappraisal paradigm to explore the ability of implicit cognitive reappraisal.The experimental paradigm is: using the pictures form International Affective Picture System as emotion stimuli.The emotion picture was described in advance,and the subjects were asked to look at the picture according to the description and score their subjective feelings.Behavioral and 32-lead EEG data were recorded simultaneously,and ERP components were extracted offline.Behavioral indicator is the subjective score.ERP indicators are the peak value and latency of early components N2(representing attention monitoring process)and the average amplitude of late positive component LPP(representing emotion responses).Repeated measures ANOVA was performed on behavioral and ERP data,and correlation analysis was performed among the clinical data(year of education and the score of HAMA,HAMD and MMSE),the behavioral data(the difference of subjective score)and the ERP data(the difference of the LPP amplitude).Results: Experiment 1: 1.Behavioral results found that the subjective score negative description-negative picture is the largest,neutral description-negative picture is the second,neutral description-neutral picture is the smallest both in older adults and young adults.2.The ERP results found that:(1)the peaks of N2 in the youth group were significantly more negative than those in the elderly group,and the latency was earlier than that initiated by the elderly.(2)In young adults,the average of LPP amplitude negative description-negative picture is the larger than neutral description-negative picture and neutral description-neutral picture,and there is no significant difference between neutral description-negative picture and neutral description-neutral picture.However,the elderly group seems to be different.3.The results of correlation analysis found that there was a significant positive correlation between the difference of subjective feeling and the score of MMSE.There was also a significant negative correlation between the difference of early LPP amplitude and the score of MMSE.Experiment 2: 1.Behavioral results found that the subjective score negative description-negative picture is the largest,neutral description-negative picture is the second,neutral description-neutral picture is the smallest both in older adults and older adults with Parkinson’s disease.2.The ERP results found that the difference of LPP amplitude between negative description-negative picture and neutral description-neutral picture is significantly different in older adults,however the same in older adults with Parkinson’s disease.Conclusion: 1.Compared with young adults,the implicit cognitive reappraisal ability of the elderly may be impaired,and this impairment is related to the decline of cognitive level;2.The implicit cognitive reappraisal ability of the elderly with Parkinson’s disease is impaired,and this impairment may be mainly related to aging;3.Compared with the healthy elderly,the early emotional recognition of the elderly with Parkinson’s disease is abnormal,which is manifested by the decline in the electrophysiological differentiation of different emotional valence pictures.