Translation Report Of The "Reiwa 4-Year Disaster Prevention White Paper" (excerpt

In Capital,Marx used the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete to analyze the exploitation relationship itself through the phenomenon of exploitation in the history of capitalist society,focusing on the labor production process.Through his investigation of the capitalist mode of production,he established the doctrine of surplus value to expose the secret of the capitalist production process-exploitation-and thus exposed the internal contradictions and temporary nature of capitalist society,laying the theoretical foundation for Marx’s socialist scientific thought.Through the rapid development of capitalist economy,Marx saw the contradiction between labor and management within capitalism: on the one hand,it enabled the accumulation of wealth in the bourgeoisie,and on the other hand,it caused the poverty of workers,that is,the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.In order to reveal the essence of capitalist exploitation,Marx examined the phenomenon of capitalist exploitation based on the perspective of historical relations of production,elaborated on the historical conditions for the emergence and elimination of exploitation from the macro perspective of historical materialism,and analyzed the forms of exploitation at various stages of human social development based on the understanding of the inevitability and temporary rationality of exploitative relations in the process of historical development,based on The objective scientific evaluation of exploitation based on historical conditions.By analyzing the inherent antagonism between the exploiting class and the exploited class in the capitalist exploitation relationship and the antagonism between them on this basis,Marx clarified the essence of the capitalist exploitation relationship,that is,"the antagonism between the masses of people who do not possess the means of production,that is,the workers,and the non-workers who possess the means of production".This antagonism is reflected in the uncompensated appropriation of the surplus labor of the "productive class" of workers by the capitalists as the "unproductive class" in the capitalist production process.Therefore,the study of Marx’s view of exploitation in Capital can help deepen the understanding of the socio-historical conditions for the elimination of exploitation,combine Marx’s view of exploitation with the actual construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,understand the phenomenon of exploitation at the present stage in China with a scientific attitude of historical materialism,and contribute to The study provides a theoretical perspective for the improvement of the distribution and redistribution system,the benign development of the relationship between market subjects and labor subjects,and the realization of the goal of common prosperity.