Research On Zhu Shi's Thoughts On Ritual Governanc

Since the Han Dynasty," breaking the Qin law and establishing Li Zhi," in the traditional society of China,the rule of Li advocated by Confucianism has always been an important means and way to govern the country and society,and has formed a unique political and cultural model of " governing the country with Li " in ancient times.In the early years of the Qing Dynasty,due to the change of regime,the conflict between ethnic groups and the change of social atmosphere,both the imperial court and scholars regarded " rule of Li " as an important way to stabilize social order.Zhu Shi,a famous Neo-Confucianism minister who lived through the Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties,was an important representative of the implementation of the rule of Li.To investigate the formation process of Zhu Shi ’s thought of rule of Li,there are three key factors.First of all,the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty gradually established the strategy of governing the country with " rule of Li " as the core.As an official of the court,Zhu Shi vigorously promoted the rule of Li,which was the implementation and response to the national policy.Secondly,Zhu Shi ’s family,Poshan Zhu ’s family,has been a ’ poetry and Li family ’ for generations.Since his childhood,he was deeply educated by his parents and teachers,which laid a good foundation for his study of Li.Finally,as a Neo-Confucianist,Zhu Shi highly praised the thought of Li Zhi of Zhu Xi,Zhang Zai and other great Confucians.He fully combined his personal academic interests with the thought of Li Zhi of predecessors,and finally formed his own thought of Li Zhi.Zhu Shi ’s thought of Li Zhi mainly includes three parts : First,Li Ti Li Yong,Qing Li Shuang Zhang.Zhu Shi inherited the view of Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty,and believed that ritual was the expression of heavenly principles in the world.Therefore,he highly recognized the role of Li in the order of human relations and the adjustment of hierarchy.However,with the shift of the times,the liberation of thoughts such as human feelings and human desires in the early Qing Dynasty also brought new vitality to the formulation of Li.Zhu Shi conformed to human feelings and recognized the role of emotion in Li.Second,Eclectic ancient and modern,change from time to time.Zhu Shi looked at the ancient and modern Li and customs with a flexible perspective.He firmly grasped the core of ’ Li ’,that is,etiquette and righteousness,and believed that without violating etiquette and righteousness,appropriate adjustments can be made according to the actual situation.Third,Combination of Li and law,with punishment.As a moral norm,Li also needs the force of law to assist.In ancient China,’ Li were incorporated into the law ’,and Li were maintained with the power of law,which strengthened the legitimacy and compulsion of Li.Zhu Shi agrees with the governance mode of the rule of Li and law,but he also emphasizes that ’ Li precedes law ’,and law should be guided by Li.At the same time,the purpose of using penalty is ’ imprisonment without penalty ’,so it cannot be abused.On the whole,Zhu Shi ’s thought of Li shows the characteristics of opposing Buddhism and Taoism Li,strictly prohibiting heresy,and advocating the use of various ways to facilitate the people to follow.Zhu Shi received Confucian education since childhood.He was very disgusted with the behavior of Buddhism and Taoism elements mixed into Confucianism.Therefore,he started from the Confucian ethics and morality,criticized Buddhism and Taoism from the inside out,and then urged the people to practice Confucianism.In order to facilitate the people ’s practice and practice of Li,Zhu Shi adopted a variety of ways to spread Confucian Li in order to facilitate the people to follow suit.Among them,the role of the Li Map is very important.Compared with the text,the picture is more suitable for the people with low educational level to imitate.It is easier for them to grasp the essentials of the ceremony.Therefore,Zhu Shi regards the Li Map as an important means of communication.Zhu Shi ’s practice of Li Zhi is closely related to his thought of Li Zhi,which embodies his progressive life planning and applies knowledge to the three dimensions of self-cultivation,family management and social governance.In his own person,he takes himself as a model,maintains a simple lifestyle throughout his life,opposes extravagance and waste,treats people courteously and courteously,and treats his parents with great filial piety.Zhu Shi,through his own practice,promotes himself and others,and has a beneficial impact on relatives and friends around him.Within the clan,Zhu Shi actively compiled genealogy,supplemented ’ family precepts ’,formulated ’family rituals ’,and established charity schools,contributing a lot to the cohesion of the family.At the local level,Zhu Shi widely promoted etiquette education,publicized the holy edict,published the book of rites,rectified customs,stopped litigation,developed education,and selected talents.He adopted many methods to rectify the social atmosphere and achieved certain results.Zhu Shi ’s thought and practice of rule of Li not only eliminated some bad customs at that time and improved the social atmosphere,but also enlightened the thought of Qianlong Emperor ’s Li,implemented the local governance policies of Yin Huiyi,Chen Hongmou,Lan Dingyuan and other followers,and even influenced and promoted the practice of rule of Li in later generations.Not only that,the study of Zhu Shi ’s thought of rule by Li also has certain reference significance for the construction of Chinese moral culture.