From Sensual Time To Free Tim

Free time is one of the important categories of Marx’s deepening critique of the logic of capital,and it is an important measure of man’s free and comprehensive development.Starting from sensible time,Marx argues that time and self-consciousness are unified,and that human embodies some degree of freedom by carrying out sensible consciousness activities in sensible time.After sensible time transferred to labor time in capitalist society,Marx points out that labor time embodies capitalist relations of exploitation,and the labor time under the dictates of capital logic is a negation of the workers,leading to an antagonism between the capitalist and the workers,which generates the negative force of capitalist society.Marx went on to point out that only in communist society does labor cease to be compulsory,but a free and conscious activity.At this point,people have real free time,which becomes their real wealth,and in which they develop freely and comprehensively.Western Marxists also attach great importance to the problem of time.Marcuse took Marx’s theory of free time as a starting point to expose and criticize the deprivation of people’s free time by capital in developed industrial societies.David Harvey,on the other hand,through his study of Marx’s idea of free time,put forward the theory of time alienation in capitalist society,and he pointed out that leisure time for consumption is another kind of production of capital.In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,with the continuous increase of labor productivity,people obtain more and more free time,thus they have more conditions for free and comprehensive development.Free time is an important indicator of people’s happiness index,however,it is also necessary to establish a correct concept of labor and create a better life with labor.The main contents of the paper are as follows:The first part is an expository analysis of the theoretical origins and formation background of Marx’s free time thought.Marx’s early theory of time is the basis for the formation of Marx’s idea of free time,and Marx’s early theory of time is influenced by the discursive view of time in German classical philosophy,the view of leisure time in ideal socialism,and the view of labor time in British classical political economy.By drawing on the time ideas of his predecessors,Marx developed his own thinking on the problem of time.Ultimately,he formed his own idea of free time under the influence of the background of the times of criticism of the alienation of labor and social system in capitalist society and sympathy for the proletariat.The second part explores the lineage of the development of Marx’s idea of free time.Marx thought about time in his doctoral dissertation and proposed perceptual time.Then,he analyzed the connection between labor and time in the context of labor alienation,and proposed that the subject of time is "real man" rather than "abstract man".Finally,in Capital and its manuscripts,the internal logical relationship between free time and labor time is analyzed in depth,the antagonistic contradictions of time in capitalist society are discussed,it is clear that free time is the fundamental condition for the prosperity of the kingdom of freedom,and the system of free time thought is improved.The third part analyzes the connotation of Marx’s free time and explains the practical direction of free time thought.Through the analysis of the relationship between leisure time and free time,the connotation of free time is further deeply understood.The free time of capitalist society and the free time of communist society are compared and analyzed,focusing on the domination and theft of free time by capital and the organic unification of free time and labor time after the liberation of labor,and finally proposing the space of free time for the free and comprehensive development of human beings.The fourth part analyzes free time from a Western Marxist perspective,and deepens the understanding of Marx’s idea of free time by analyzing Marcuse’s idea of free time and David Harvey’s critical theory of temporal alienation.The fifth part returns Marx’s free time thought to the real society and explains the significance of the new era.On the one hand,it is necessary to focus on grasping the allocation and positive use of free time,on the other hand,it is necessary to vigorously eliminate the alienation of free time and resist the influence of consumerism on society.It advocates people to establish a positive concept of leisure and work together to achieve a good life.