U.S. Naval Aid To The Soviet Union During World War I

In June 1941,the German army attacked the Soviet Union in a large scale,and the Soviet Union was hit hard.The United States realized that "it is impossible to stand alone" and extended the scope of application of the Lend-Lease Act to the Soviet Union for its own interests,thus starting material aid to the Soviet Union.The implementation of the Act was mainly coordinated by two organizations,the Soviet-American Trading Company and the Leasing Management Office,and followed a series of procedures and principles.Due to the geographical constraints of the United States and the Soviet Union,the United States provided material aid to the Soviet Union not only by air route,but also by sea route.The three main routes are the Northern route,the North Pacific Route and the Persian Gulf route.The Northern Route was a 10-12 day sea route from the east coast of the United States to the northern ports of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk of the Soviet Union via Great Britain and Iceland.The United States delivered a total of 3.964 million tons of supplies through the Northern route,accounting for 22.6 percent of all supplies of the Allies.The North Pacific Route is a 20-day sea route from a port on the west coast of the United States across the Pacific Ocean to Vladivostok in the far East of the Soviet Union.Some 8,244,000 tons,or 47.1 per cent of total cargo,were shipped to the Soviet Union through the North Pacific route during the war.The Persian Gulf route was a75-day transit route that ran from U.S.and British ports across the Atlantic,Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to Iran and then transferred by rail and road to the Soviet Union.The route carried a total of 4.16 million tons of supplies,or 23.8 percent,to the Soviet Union.The United States’ maritime aid to the Soviet Union ensured the supplies of Soviet materials during the war,accelerated the pace of the Soviet Union’s victory in the war,improved the international status of the Soviet Union after the war,but also guaranteed the security of the United States and its people during the war,promoted the economic development of the United States to a certain extent,and laid the foundation for the United States to dominate the world pattern after the war and the postwar US-Soviet relations.