A Study Of The Hudi And Other Tribes In The Sanjin Region During The Warring States Period

Taking the Warring States period as the time frame and the San jin region as the spatial scope,this paper studies the Hu,Di and Rong minority groups in the San jin region during the Warring States period with the full use of documentary and archaeological data.Chapter one、two and three involve the origins and distribution of the Rong,Di and Hu tribes,while Chapter four and five explore the migration and social life of the minority tribes during the entire Warring States period from a macro perspective,and delve into the process of the’Huaxiafication’ of the Rong di during the Warring States period and the integration of the’marginalised tribes’ in the northern Great Wall area.During the Warring States period,the Di tribe in the San jin region was mainly composed of the Bai di from the west of the river,who had migrated eastwards during the mid to late Spring and Autumn period.Under the influence of Jin’s policy of "harmonising the rong",the Bai di tribes such as Xian Yu and Wu zhong moved to the northern part of Shanxi and the central part of Hebei and established the states of Dai,Zhong shan and Qiu you.During the Warring States period,the Rong were far less active than the Di,and the author has found only a few scattered traces of the Rong in the Warring States period from documentary and archaeological sources,all of which were under the rule of the Central Plains.The main Hu in the San jin region were the Lin hu and the Lou fan.Although the origins of those are almost impossible to discern from the scattered surviving documents,an analysis of the excavated antiques and ethnicity can reveal the complex cultural composition of Lin hu and Lou fan,and the gradual dominance of the ’Hu culture’.The migration of ethnic groups in the San jin region during the Warring States period was very common,and the regular pattern of ethnic migration during the Warring States period can be figured out through the eastward migration of the Wu di tribes,the southward migration of the North Asians,and the northward migration of the Central Plains people in the early Warring States period.During the Warring States period,the Rong di,with the exception of the Zhong shan State,were only active in the early Warring States period,and were either integrated into the Chinese race or moved out of the San Jin region along with the conquests of countries from the Central Plains;the Hu may gradually move closer to the Central Plains around the middle of the Warring States period and began to be active in the Great Wall area in the north.As a whole,the Warring States period was the period of the end of the Rong di with the rise of the Hu.In other words,the Rong di and the Hu appeared in succession in the period of pre-Qin history.Therefore,it can show that the Warring States period a key period in the transformation of the northern peoples from ’Rong di’ to ’Hu’.A comparison of the social and political patterns of the Rong di and the Hu shows that they were not entirely different groups.When the Northern Asians approached the Great Wall,the Rong di,who had been expelled from the Central Plains by the Qin and Jin,were living in the Great Wall area in the north,so there was bound to be some fusion and collision when the two different cultures and ethnic groups met to form the structure of a particular ethnic group in northern China during the Warring States period.