Study On Human Bones Unearthed From Lujiahe Xiyuan Cemetery,Chengcheng County,Shaanxi Province

As a part of the Liujiawa site,the Lujiahe Xiyuan Cemetery is a capital city site in the early and middle spring and Autumn period of Rui,which is obviously different from the Rui site in liangdai Village in the early period.It plays an important role in discussing the social structure,political pattern,livelihood pattern and the impact of population migration with the change of time and space in the late Period of Rui.A total of 44 tombs were excavated in Lujia Hexiyuan cemetery.Judging from the shape and burial goods,they were all small and medium-sized tombs.In this paper,under the guidance of the concept of bioarchaeology,35 human bones collected from the cemetery in Lujiahe Xiyuan Cemetery were analyzed in the aspects of demography,palaeopathology,craniofacial morphology and ethnic type.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of human bones unearthed from the cemetery in east area of Liujiawa and the tomb of Rui in Liangdai Village of Hancheng,trying to discuss the changes of the ancient people of Rui under the overall space-time framework.The ratio of male to female was 0.43:1 in the Lujiazhe Xiyuan cemetery,and there was an obvious imbalance.The age of death was significantly higher in prime and middle age than in other stages.In terms of pathology,the prevalence and severity of dental diseases,including caries,anterior tooth loss and apical abscess,are much higher in females than in males.The prevalence of osteitis and osteoarthritis was higher in males than in females.Perforated lesions of the skull and degenerative diseases of the spine were similar in both sexes,with only 2 traumatic individuals observed.In terms of ethnic characteristics,the Lujia Hexiyuan cemetery shows a close relationship with the"ancient Central Plains type".Through the comparison with the population situation of Liujiawa group and Liangdai Village group,it is concluded that the female status and living conditions of Rui residents have changed greatly from Liangdai village site to Liujiawa site,but there is no great change in ethnic composition.