Research On The Grain Policy Of The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government (1937-1945)

Food problems exist in ancient and modern times,and food security is conducive to social stability and the long-term stability of the country.During the Anti-Japanese War,the food problem in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region was very prominent,so food production was particularly important.The Border region government explored and issued a series of policies to deal with and solve the food problem.This paper takes the grain policy of the government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region during the Anti-Japanese War as the research object,using the methods of text analysis,comparative analysis and historical analysis.Firstly,131 policy texts were collected,including110 grain production policies,11 grain transportation policies and 10 grain safekeeping policies.Secondly,with the help of Nvivo12 software for coding,the final formation of 1839 codes.Then,from the perspective of policy tools,the author further explores and refines the coding content of 131 policy texts,and finds that the government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region mainly chooses four types of policy tools: incentive policy tools,capacity constructive policy tools,symbolic or advisory policy tools and mandatory policy tools.Incentive policy tools include financial investment,personnel evaluation and tax incentives;capacity-constructive policy tools include infrastructure construction,agricultural science and technology construction,and human resources construction;symbolic or advisory policy tools include propaganda,mobilization and instructions;mandatory policy tools include institutional provisions and organizational regulations.Then the policy tools,policy elements and time three-dimensional analysis framework are constructed and interpreted accordingly,and it is concluded that the policy tools have the characteristics of gradual debugging.Finally,combined with the specific policy text,the paper analyzes the effect and operating mechanism of the gradual debugging of the grain policy of the government of Shaanxi-GansuNingxia Border region(1937-1945).It is found that the grain policy of the Shaanxi-GansuNingxia Border region is constantly evolving and progressive,and the policy is constantly revised and perfected.After the precipitation of time,the thinking of policy makers has been improved,and more policy information has been obtained.coupled with the feedback of policy effectiveness,policy environment,policy applicable groups,changes in policy objectives,and so on,policy tools will be optimized accordingly.The original fragmented and incomplete policy subsystem will slowly condense into an optimized policy circulation system.To sum up,the choice of policy tools should balance the use of policy tools;pay attention to the persistence of policy tools: "crossing the river by feeling the stones";adhere to the mass line and constantly improve the relevant mechanisms of policy tools;emphasize the establishment of a sound policy system,pay attention to the supervision of policy implementation,establish a corresponding policy emergency management system,and so on.The study of this paper is not only beneficial to summarize and refine the governance experience of the "grain production plan" of the Border region government,but also has reference significance for today’s policy formulation.