Study On The Political Geography Of "Sixteen Prefectures Of Yanyun

"Yan Yun Sixteen States"(You,Ji,Ying,Mo,Zhuo,Tan,Shun,Yun,Ru,Gui,Wu,Xin,Wei,Ying,Huan and Shuo)that Shi Jingtang cede to the Khitan.This paper takes "Yan Yun Sixteen States" as the research object,uses historical documents,epitaphs and archaeological data,draws lessons from the research methods of regionalization,classification and period division in historical geography,and researches the evolution of administrative region in "Yan Yun Sixteen States".This paper summarizes the characteristics of the evolution of administrative region,distilts the evolution mechanism,and analyzes the formation of the regional name of "Yan Yun Sixteen States",its geographical value in the 10 th to 12 th century,and its role in the process of ethnic integration.In addition to the introduction,the paper is divided into three chapters:Chapter one: The evolution and characteristics of "Yan Yun Sixteen States".In the process of transforming "Yan Yun Sixteen States" into "Yan Yun Sixteen States",the characteristics of the political region evolution are as follows :(1)the expansion of regional space,such as Tan state adding xingtang county,Ying state adding leshou county,etc;(2)Complicated administrative district management.The administrative levels,from "Zhen-Zhou-Xian" three levels to "Dao-Zhen-Zhou-Xian" four levels of administrative management system,the second is the states government system from a single state system to three forms of Zhou,Fu and Jun,county government added forms of Jun;(3)The number of states administrative districts changed greatly,mainly reflected in the increase of the number of state administrative districts on both sides of the Juma River.To be specific,the high-level administrative districts in Yanjing area were relatively stable.The administrative districts at the state level were mainly added,and the administrative districts at the county level were balanced.The political districts in Xinzhou was relatively stable,but the subordination relationship changed greatly before entering Liao dynasty.The evolution of Yunzhou administrative districts is manifested in the high-level administration,the change of state administration is small,and the county administration is mainly added.Chapter two: Analysis of the evolution mechanism of "Yan Yun Sixteen States".Natural geographical environment is the basis of the evolution of "Yan Yun Sixteen States",among which mountains,rivers,topography,landform,location and climate determine the strategic value of "Yan Yun Sixteen States",and play a fundamental role in the evolution of "Yan Yun Sixteen States".Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the administrative structure of the Sixteen prefectural regions in 878,October 938,939,959,1004,1122 and 1127,I believe that:(1)the administrative regions of the "Yan Yun Sixteen States" in the period from 878 to 938 were mainly changed by the higher administrative prefectural.In Yunzhou region,the number of high-level administrative prefectural increased from One in Datong Junjie to four in Datong,Zhangguo,Zhenwu and Beidu jurisdiction.In Xinzhou,a new high-level administrative district was set up in 924,namely,weisai.In Yanzhou region,only one high-level administrative district was set up in Lulong,with a relatively stable pattern.At this time there were six higher districts in the sixteen states;(2)During 938-1004,the prefectural administrative areas mainly evolved,while the Tongxian administrative areas did not change in Xinzhou.Yunzhou unified county administration abolished Huan,increase hong,Yanjing area increased 10,abolished 3.The newly added administrative districts accounted for 64% of all newly added states in the study period.(3)From 1004 to 1127,"Yan Yun Sixteen States" administrative regions were relatively stable,and the county-level administrative regions mainly evolved.Yunzhou area increased datong,changqing,Tiancheng,abolished Shenwu.In Yanjing area,three new huoyin,Baoding and Leshou counties were added to the north bank of the Juma River,while five were abolished Yuhe,Mo,Changfeng,Jingcheng and Yongqing.There was no change in Xinzhou areas.A total of 6 new counties were added,accounting for 18% of the total new counties,and 5 abandoned counties,accounting for 50% of the total abandoned counties.As the "Yan Yun Sixteen States" at the junction of The Central Plains dynasty and the Khitan dynasty,the political behavior between the surrounding regimes is the key factor affecting the evolution of its political region,mainly reflected in military conflicts,regional economic competition,diplomatic activities and so on.Chapter three: From Shijin Sixteen States to "Yan Yun Sixteen States"--the formation of "Yan Yun Sixteen States" as a special regional name.Shijin Sixteen States in the territory of the original "Yan","Yun","Dai","You" and many other regional names.Under the dual action of the central Plains Dynasty’s obsession with recovering the "old Border of Han and Tang" and the realistic military pressure,the two characters of "Yan" and "Yun" were gradually merged into "Yan Yun",which was used to refer to the old land of "Han" that was not recovered by Song Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty,the scholars of the Ming Dynasty actively absorbed and reflected on the experience of Song Dynasty because of faced the threat similar to that of Song Dynasty in the northeast.In this process,"Yan Yun" gradually merged with "Yan Yun Sixteen States" and solidified into the Shijin Sixteen States with regional name in the literature and secular vision.The geopolitical thought of song Dynasty was formed under the dual effect of realistic pressure and the concept of "unification".In the early song Dynasty,the strategic goal was to recover the "old Border of Han and Tang dynasty",and the relatively active military strategy was carried out.After 1004,the stability of the border area was ensured by establishing equal diplomatic relations with Liao Dynasty.At the end of the year,the strategic goal of recovering the "old Border of Han and Tang dynasties" was to recover the lost territory in the north.In the early years of the Liao Dynasty,it adopted the strategy of gradually encroachment on the southern power by taking "Yan Yun Sixteen States" as the military stronghold in the south.During the peace period of Song and Liao dynasties,the main goal was to maintain the balance of the political structure of East Asia represented by Song,Liao and Xia dynasties and to maintain its position as the hegemon of East Asia.In the evolution of song and Liao’s geopolitical thoughts,"Yan Yun Sixteen States" played an extremely important role.As the junction of song and Liao,"Yan Yun Sixteen States" became the center of the political struggle in East Asia,and also became a key to stir up the political pattern of East Asia from the tenth to the twelfth century.The conclusion part summarizes the geographical value of "Yan Yun Sixteen States" in the 10th to 12th century and its effect on ethnic integration.The entry of "Yan Yun Sixteen States" into Liao Dynasty was an important historical event in the history of ethnic relations.It not only promoted the integration of ethnic groups in reality,gave birth to the unique "Northern Frontier culture",but also broke the traditional "orthodox" view of "the Han as the center",and laid a foundation for the formation of the community consciousness of the Chinese nation in the future.