Study On The River Administration System Of Tonghui River In Ming Dynasty

Tonghui river is the northernmost section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the main waterway for grain to enter Beijing.The emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty successively dug the dam river and Tonghui River,and the grain in the south of the Yangtze River can reach the Jishuitan Wharf in Dadu city.The excavation of Tonghui River in the Yuan Dynasty marked the completion of the Beijing Hangzhou canal.The Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to the management of Tonghui River and other major rivers,and set up management institutions at all levels.The central government set up the metropolitan water supervision department,under which the metropolitan River lifting department was set up to take charge of the metropolitan water conservancy.Under it,there was also a "Tonghui River Station" to take charge of the repair and treatment of Tonghui river.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,Tonghui river was in disrepair and abandoned.During the more than 100 years from Yongle to Zhengde,it has been repaired for many times,including small-scale dredging of river channels and repair of gate seats,as well as the short dredging in the 12 th year of Chenghua and the 2nd year of Zhengde,but they failed to achieve complete success in the end.During this period,the river Cao yamen,such as the chief military officer of water transportation,the governor of water transportation,the general River,the household and the second Department of industry,all participated in the management of Tonghui River to a certain extent.In addition,the censor of warehouse patrol and wailang,a member of Tongzhou grain sitting department,were also allowed to participate.During the years of Chenghua and Hongzhi,Tongzhou doctor was specially set up,but his main responsibility was the river between Tongzhou and Dezhou,and Tonghui river was his "concurrent management" scope.Qingfeng gate and other gates and dams on Tonghui River are managed by the expatriate of the Department of water resources of the Ministry of works,while Tong Zhou warehouse repair and brick and wood factory are managed by the expatriate of the operation and repair branch of the Ministry of works.In the seventh year of Jiajing,patrolling the storehouse Wu Zhong presided by people such as repair the dredge Hui He,and adding Hui He attending a member card shark,except for the dredging,repair DAMS and other main duties,repair ao tongzhou storehouse,tongzhou brick factory,factory management,slash caohe discipline and some of the tax affairs also gradually merge in Hui He charge card shark.In addition,the eunuch group also played an important role in tonghuihe affairs.The special establishment of Tonghui River Lang Zhong ensured the daily maintenance of tonghui River project,strengthened the management system of Tonghui River,and further improved the management system of the Grand Canal in Ming Dynasty.The establishment of tonghui River management system in the late Ming Dynasty played an active role in promoting the economic and cultural development of Tongzhou and maintaining the stability and development of local society.In the middle period of Wanli,Yang Junchen,Lu Jishu and others participated in the disposal of "Silverfish Factory incident",which was essentially a game between river officials and mining tax supervisors to compete for local tax sources.Objectively,it contributed to protecting the safety of people’s lives and property and alleviating social conflicts.In addition,the sacrifice and repair of the ancestral temples such as Tonghui Temple and Increment Temple by the officials of Tonghui River Langzhong and Tongliang Hall Langzhong represented the political and cultural function of the imperial court to rule the country by etiquette,and exerted a certain influence on local culture and folk belief.Tonghui River doctors Li Xi,Lu Mengxiong,Lu Jishu and Tongwan tax supervisor Zhang Ye actively participated in the construction of Tongzhou local public welfare undertakings,which ensured the normal operation of social order along Tonghui River to a certain extent and played an important role in local social stability and development.