The Study Of The White Governor Mountain In The Qing Dynasty

As a prominent river officer in the early period of Qianlong Dynasty,Bai Zhongshan successively served as governor of river channel in the Province of Henan and Shandong Province,governor of Jiangnan river channel and governor of the Yongding River,which served river channel of the province of Henan and Shandong and Jiangnan for more than40 years,understood channel situation,engineering pros and cons and river affairs,and published The Record of Protecting River Channel in the Province of Henan and Shandong Province,The Continued Record of Protecting River Channel in the Province of Henan and Shandong Province,The Record of Protecting Jiangnan River Channel,The Record of Kindness and the like.While he was governor,He focused on the Yellow River,the Grand Canal and the management of the river affairs,and thus received praise,‘He was worthy of his duty'.In the governance of the Yellow River,Bai Zhongshan is based on the predecessor's rule of ‘beam water to storm sand,water to control water',and formed the ideology system of controlling the Yellow River,which includes Obey the law of water,save water and straighten the curve.During the practice,Bai Zhongshan successively built the river levee of Chengjiazhai,the seventeenth fort and Yangqiao in order to solve the Yellow River's deposition and breach in Henan province.Meanwhile,Due to the severe flooding in northern Jiangsu Province,he successively reinforced stonework in the Fengxian County and Xiaoxian County.Dredged the Reduction of sluices in Dangshan County and dug the river,which helped to alleviate the downstream water and sediment deposition of the Yellow River.On the governance of the Grand Canal,Bai Zhongshan focused on the treatment of Shandong canal,Zhong canal and Huaiyang canal.The Shandong canal had been a problem of runoff and insufficient water supply,thus he used the embankment to remove the flood and used the embankment to carry the water.In the governance of the Zhong canal,He advocated that the bamboo dam should be opened at any time according to thesituation of the river and participated in the project of Jingshanqiao.As a problem-prone canal channel,the Huaiyang Canal is affected by the Yangtze River,the Huai River,the Yellow River and the Surrounding lakes.Therefore,Bai Zhongshan insisted on coordinating the management of the Huai River,the Yellow River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and strengthened the lake drainage in the Huaiyang Canal.In river administration management,Bai Zhongshan focused on the management of river workers,funds and materials.For the management of river workers,He chose qualified person,adjusted the river officer duty,broke old river camp soldier's management rule.For the management of river funds,He attached great importance to the effectiveness of the expenditure and not only used the silver to build the barracks in order to ensure the livelihood of the soldiers,but also cleaned up the river bank and formulated regulations so as to reduce the abuse of funds.For the management of the river work materials,he advocated the flexible change of the acquisition time,the general planting of the river materials,and the construction of the river workers.All in all,it is of great significance to protect river transport and people's livelihood that Bai Zhongshan governed rivers.However,there were still some common river officials' downsides,such as lack of innovation,mismanagement,buck-passing,the inattention of human beings,and corruption in the career of the water treatment,which was not only determined by Bai Zhongshan himself and The Times,but also was up to the environment of the river administration management in the Qing dynasty.