Study On Ancestral Temple Of Single Room With Back Niche In Eastern Han Dynasty

As an important part of the building on the tomb,the ancestral hall can be divided into six forms according to the architectural structure.In 2019,“Hongshan Han Dynasty stone shrine”was unearthed in Huaibei city,Anhui Province,this proves the existence of the stone shrine with single opening and back niche in the Eastern Han Dynasty,but there is no systematic research on this kind of ancestral temple.The main topic of this paper is the ancestral temple with single opening and back niche in the Eastern Han Dynasty,aims to explore the distribution of the Eastern Han Dynasty single open back shrine and the ancestral temple area,architectural form,image content,carving techniques,as well as the significance of the context of its function may contain,And compared with the surrounding single-room flat-top small ancestral temple,expounds the similarities and differences between the two.According to the literature records and the material data,ancestral temple with stone structure in Han Dynasty are mainly distributed in the southwest of Shandong,the north of Anhui and Jiangsu,ancestral temple of Single room with back niche in the east Han dynasty are only distributed in Xuzhou city,Huaibei city,Xiaoxian and yongqiao area in Suzhou.Ancestral temple with single opening and back niche in eastern Han Dynasty has unique artistic aesthetic value.The overall shape of ancestral temple is the “convex” font structure of front room and back niche,which is composed of 9 carved stones.The biggest difference from other ancestral temples is that the side stone of front room is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top,with a slightly curved shape at the bottom and a narrow rectangular column at the top.The new material of hongshan Han Dynasty ancestral temple has been unearthed,which provides the physical basis for the restoration of the ancestral temple.The contents and spatial layout of ancestral temple portraits reflect the thoughts,cultural connotations and folk beliefs of the Han Dynasty.In the ancestral temple of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the images symbolizing heaven are mainly distributed on the inner wall of the cap stone,the images fairyland are distributed on the side wall stone,the upper part of the back wall stone and the front side of the cap stone,and the images symbolizing human world are mainly distributed on the side wall stone and the back wall stone.In the ancestral temple of Single room with back niche Eastern Han Dynasty,there are pictures of auspicious beasts,fairyland,pavilions and feasts,carriage and horse travel,hunting and so on,the picture content,circumjacent flat-roofed ancestral temple have many similarities,but the layout is different,For example,the portraits of the East Maharajah and the West Queen are located on the upper side of the wall stone of the small ancestral temple of song Mountain in Jiaxiang,No sign of it on the capstone,The small ancestral temple of the eastern Han Dynasty with a single opening and back niche unearthed in Hongshan,Anhui Huaibei,is carved on the front side of the cap stone.From the perspective of artistic creation,in addition to the theme content of the portrait,decorative patterns are an important part of the portrait,such as triangle pattern,persimmon pedicle pattern,water ripple,diamond with round pattern,etc,decorative patterns in the portrait mainly have three functions,the first is the border decoration,the second is the interval theme portrait,the third is to fill in white.Ancestral temple stone paintings also reflect the painting and carving standards of the Han Dynasty.The main carving techniques used in the ancestral temple of single carved stone with back niche in the Eastern Han Dynasty are Yin line carving、bas-relief、bas-relief with Yin line carving,flat concave line carving 、Bas-relief with pocking mark 、plane line carving and so on are also used.Single flat top small ancestral temple also uses chiseled ground plane line carving and chiseled ground concave line carving.The research on the distribution area,shape,portrait content and style of the ancestral temple of Single room with back niche in Eastern Han Dynasty is helpful to the restoration of this ancestral temple.It is helpful to identify and restore ancestral temple components.The contents and spatial configuration of ancestral temple portrayal reflect the social life and ideological outlook of han People.In the ancestral temple portraits,there are not only records of han people’s real life,such as collecting water and do the cooking,but also portraits of the Queen Mother of the West and the East Maharajah,express the wish to live forever,showing the pursuit of a happy life and rich imagination of Han people.