A Study Of " Bu Ran(不然)" And Its Related Form From The Perspective Of Interaction

From the perspective of interaction,based on different types of spoken conversational materials,this paper discusses the"Bu Ran(不然)"and its related form"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)"in verbal interaction.The construction of meaning and function in the interactive context is the product of the cooperation and coordination of both parties in communication,and its formal specification and interpretation of meaning function are a dynamic interactive process.This paper adopts the dynamic emerging grammatical view and the empirical view of dialogue interaction,referring to the sequence context formed by the communicator in the advancing conversation,to discuss the turn sequence position and expression pattern,the speaker’s utterance intention,cognitive stance and other factors for the shaping of the form and meaning function of"Bu Ran(不然)"and"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)",investigates the asymmetry further in actual corpus,reveals the potential usage tendency of this language form and its formation mechanism and motivation.Judging from the distribution features and functional categories of"Bu Ran(不然)",compared with the use of compound conjunctions only between the preceding and following clauses,the positional distribution of"Bu Ran(不然)"in the context of oral conversation is more flexible and the position of the turn sequence is not restricted.According to the positional distribution of its associated negation domains,the interactive form of"Bu Ran(不然)"can be divided into three expression patterns:co-turn cohesion,inter-turn cohesion and turn-marking,respectively corresponding to three interaction patterns:lowinteraction pattern,interaction pattern and high interaction pattern.Through the analysis of different expression patterns and interaction patterns,we believe that"Bu Ran(不然)"has the characteristics of both interactive association markers and discourse markers,which are used to guide listeners to pay attention to known event traits,possible inference results or actionable actions.Behavior,etc.,the construction of sequence organization can also assume the role of continuing topics and changing topics.The formal separation of"Bu Ran(不然)"and the negative domian leads to the weaking or even disappearance of the two,resulting in the emergence of three interactive functions,namely,expressing background information,coordinating cognitive stance,and marking speech acts.In addition,there is a negative tendency of inference results and the collocation tendency of the second and third person in the actual use of"Bu Ran(不然)",and the speaker’s intention and cognitive state are the main driving factors.The logical reasoning represented by"Bu Ran(不然)"is the basic element of the formation of each function,and its diachronic development process reflects subjectivization and interactive subjectivization.As the negation domains of the syntactic projection of"Bu Ran(不然)"gradually moves away and disappears,the negative meaning contained in it gradually becomes blurred,and the speaker turns from realizing complete logical reasoning to focusing on behavioral results.When this process is continuously strengthened with the increase of the frequency of use,"Bu Ran(不然)"turns from guiding logical reasoning results to marking speech acts,and projects the next action(acceptance or rejection by the hearer),realizing the transition from an association marker to a discours marker.Transformation has become an important cohesive and coherent means of framing discourse units.The functions are not distinct,but a continuum,reflecting the strength and weakness of the"Bu Ran(不然)"interactivity.Judging from the distribution features and functional categories of"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)","Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)"with interrogative formal features tends to respond to the starting position of a turn,or constitute an independent turn,and subsequent turns do not answer this formal question,the conversation sequence reflects the compliance and breakthrough to the general question-andanswer setting agenda.In a few cases,"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)?"can also be used to trigger a turn.At this time,this form has a strong interrogative tone and is usually next to the question that specifies the question information,and the subsequent turns follow the question-and-answer agenda to answer.According to the setting agenda of the conversation and the cognitive state of the communicator,we divide the functions of"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)"into two categories:one is the interrogative function,which is manifested as a turning question;the other is the non-interrogative function,which is manifested as prompting reasoning assert and reinforce affirmative tone.The negative position expression function is its additional function,which is often implied under other functions and needs to be perceived in conjunction with the specific context.This function emerges under the usage of its non-interrogative function,which specifically refers to the content and appropriateness of the hearer’s discourse,is mainly driven by the politeness principle,and is gradually normalized as the dependence on a specific context is weakened.The interaction function of"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)"mainly involves three factors:(1)the needs,purposes and positions of the communicator;(2)The turn sequence position;(3)the cognitive state of the communicator.On the whole,whether it is"Bu Ran(不然)"or"Bu Ran Ne(不然呢)",the use of this forms of language is based on guiding the hearer to carry out logical reasoning,and plays an important role in coordinating the cognition of both parties and building a consistent cognitive stance.In addition,the negative tendencies shown by the two in the interaction are the products driven by the speaker’s communicative intention.The communicator’s cognitive stance and cognitive state are important factors for the speaker to use the language forms to promote conversational communication,and it is also the hearer’s important means of understanding meaning and function.