Study On The Special Examation Of Outer Drafters In Song Dynasty

It was best to appoint outer drafters directly without special exam in Song Dynasty.To understand this mentality,how to take an exam is particularly important.The special exam of Outer drafters of Song Dynasty inherited from the Tang Dynasty admission exam of Hanlin academicians,between the Tang and Song Dynasty this internal and outer drafters exam mode of change,and the Hanlin academician private attributes of the reduction has a close relationship.Those outer drafters who made appointments in the Tang Dynasty were required to pass the exam,namely probation Imperial Edict Drafters,while the Hanlin bachelors were required to take the exam for the first time.Only those from the official to the Secretary are eligible to be exempted from the special exam.During the Reign of Emperor Mingzong of the Five Dynasties,Liu Xu is carrying out reform of the Hanlin academician admission exam system,changing the original five types to three,in which the poetry and poetic essay assessment will be included in the pass exam for the Guanshi.After entering the Song Dynasty,After entering the Song Dynasty,Emperor Taizong appointed Jia Huangzhong as the imperial edict drafters,and opened the prelude to the outer drafters system.By the third year of Yongxi(986),a relatively mature system model had been formed.In the late period of Emperor Taizong’s reign,the transformation of Liangzhi exam system for imperial edict drafters and outer drafters system had been completed.Until the end of the Song Dynasty,the stipulations of the three articles of the special exam were only slightly changed in the number of words in the specific pages.After the Southern Song Dynasty,the call-up special exam was hardly implemented,and most of them used a certain period of probation as the assessment method.The special exam organization procedure consists of three parts: the emperors summons,prime Ministers exam and the officials appointment,which in the Politics Hall about from 7:00-9:00 am to 7:00-9:00 pm,and the assessment results will be announced the next day.In the case of the emperor leading the appointment,but there are many reasons why few people take the exam but are not appointed.Among them,the opinion of the prime minister can often affect the final appointment result.With the expansion of the functions and powers of the outer drafters,there are obvious differences in the relevant selection and appointment requirements among the bureaucratic groups.With Yuanfeng Reform as the boundary,literature and conduct were emphasized in the early stage,and political and administrative abilities were emphasized in the later stage.The ideal outer drafters is required to be able to quickly write articles and be familiar with various historical allusions,and at the same time have efficient administrative efficiency and know about the ways of the world.Among the various factors that affect the selection and appointment of outer drafters,it is often the combined forces of power,political culture and political situation that decide whether or not to grant or not,rather than some problems that arise in the process of special exam.The role of the special exam in the actual operation is only a part of the selection process,and it should not be expected too much.At the beginning of its establishment,it played an important role in the assessment,but when it developed to the Southern Song Dynasty,it was basically no longer implemented because many other officials also served as outer drafters.At this time,most of the assessments of outer drafters are based on a one-year authorization period,and they will be transferred to positive after passing the test,the special exam has largely become a dead letter.