| In the early period of the Republic of China,driven by the further development of modern Chinese capitalism and the rising patriotic movement,intellectuals actively introduced various western doctrines or thought to seek ways to achieve national independence,prosperity and strength.The cooperative economic thought originated in Europe at the end of the 18 th century and the beginning of the 19 th century.Due to its own social transformation,it played an important role in improving the material living conditions of workers and farmers and promoting social and economic development.To a certain extent,it met the actual needs of China at that time and was transplanted and practiced by some intellectuals.In order to further stimulate the majority of intellectuals’ interest in the thought of cooperative economy,there is an urgent need for a special position to publicize,"Plebeian" magazine came into being."Plebeian" is the most influential special issue of cooperative economy in the early period of the Republic of China.Its advocacy of the idea of cooperative economy is a response to the challenges of the times.From 1920 to 1924,"Plebeian" published 215 issues,opened a column of "cooperative research",introduced the thought of cooperative economy from many aspects,interpreted and applied it,and explored a path of cooperative economy suitable for China’s development at that time.At present,the academic research on the cooperative economic thought in "Plebeian" is relatively scattered.This paper attempts to comb and analyze comprehensively and systematically around the theme of the cooperative economic thought of "Plebeian",and show the context and characteristics of the dissemination of the cooperative economic thought in "Plebeian",in order to enrich the research of the cooperative economic thought of the Republic of China and provide useful thinking for the development of cooperatives.The dissemination and application of a new thought cannot be separated from the soil of the times.In the early period of the Republic of China,the development of modern capitalism in China provided the necessary material basis for the "Plebeian" to advocate the thought of cooperative economy,and the increasingly declining rural economy and the widening gap between the rich and the poor were the realistic needs of its dissemination.In addition,China’s traditional thought of mutual assistance and cooperation,the prominence of the civilian consciousness of new intellectuals,the new trend of evolution from competition to mutual assistance,the rising trend of socialist thought,and the accelerated introduction of western economic economics have made ideological preparations for the publicity of cooperative economy in "Plebeian".In the process of publicizing the thought of cooperative economy in "Plebeian",the first is to translate and introduce this foreign thought,which involves rich content,mainly in three aspects.First,it introduces the development process of cooperative economy,the current situation of cooperative economy of various countries and international cooperation organizations.The second is the translation of relevant works,representatives and basic theoretical concepts;The third is the narration of the economic thought of consumption,credit and production cooperation.On the basis of translation and introduction,"Plebeian" interprets the thought of cooperative economy locally according to the reality and needs of China at that time,so as to make it take root and sprout in Chinese society.In the way of interpretation,intellectuals pay more attention to practice and interpret the thought of cooperative economy in simple and straightforward language.In terms of content,this paper discusses the localization of the two key concepts of cooperation and cooperatives,distinguishes them from the socialist ideological trend,highlights the moderate connotation of cooperative economic thought,and regards it as an effective means to resolve the economic difficulties of civilians and save and increase efficiency.In terms of effect,it is particularly pointed out that it is in line with the reality of China’s large agricultural country.It can not only improve production and promote fair distribution,but also help cultivate people’s character of rule by the people and mutual assistance and fraternity,so as to improve people’s moral knowledge.In addition,"Plebeian" explores how to implement the idea of cooperative economy in China,which can be summarized into three points.First,choose different types of cooperatives according to local conditions.Give priority to consumer cooperatives,focus on the development of credit cooperatives,and carefully develop production cooperatives.Second,develop a cooperative economy in key areas of urban workers and rural areas,and pay attention to mobilizing women to join cooperatives.Third,effectively promote the development of cooperative economy in multiple ways.Absorb and learn from other ideas in theory,combine publicity with practice,fully respect the wishes of members,make good use of government assistance,strengthen international exchanges,and improve the comprehensive quality of partners by means of education."Plebeian" spread the idea of cooperative economy in the form of a special issue,getting rid of the isolated and decentralized publicity in the past.It has effectively promoted the dissemination and development of cooperative economic thought in China,expanded the ways to transform Chinese society,promoted the understanding and understanding of cooperative economic thought between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,and pointed out that the future development direction of cooperative economy is in rural areas.Of course,there are some deficiencies in the process of advocating the thought of cooperative economy,such as the lack of systematic and in-depth theoretical demonstration and certain Utopian.However,it is undeniable that in the early period of the Republic of China,"Plebeian" made outstanding contributions to the dissemination of cooperative economic thought. |
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