As The Existence Of Heterogeneity

As a famous academic master at home and abroad,Kristeva has visited China several times and has many written descriptions of the oriental world.Taken together,Kristeva portrays China as a heterogeneous existence relative to the West.This paper will take heterogeneity as the core and explore how Kristeva views all aspects of Chinese society from this perspective.The main body of this paper is divided into four parts.Considering that ideological exchange is the most essential exchange,and the ideological view of Confucianism and Taoism accounts for a larger proportion in Kristeva’s discussion,this paper places the ideological view of Confucianism and Taoism in the first chapter,and the later describes China’s matriarchal society and Chinese character language in turn according to the proportion in Kristeva’s text.The first chapter analyzes the Chinese Confucianism and Taoism in Kristeva’s eyes.According to the division of anthropological research,China experienced a patriarchal society in the Confucian period.Confucianism was born in the ancestor worship in patriarchy.Therefore,Confucianism excluded women from the orthodox society,and the Confucian feudal order made women become a free element of society.Foot binding is also the "castration" of women by the patriarchal order,which makes women become slaves of the patriarchal order.However,Kristeva also noted that Confucianism also gives some women a small amount of rights,but it uses the eldest son to exercise a kind of male power,which is not the expression of women’s own power.Taoist thought was built by Kristeva to form a negative culture opposite to Confucianism.Taoism attaches importance to the status of women,and Yin and yang are positive and negative.This view of Yin-Yang dialogue provides a theoretical soil for Kristeva’s opposition to Western essentialism.The second chapter discusses Kristeva’s cognition of Chinese matriarchal society.Kristeva believes that there was a female Utopian society in ancient China through Chinese primitive myths and some archaeological phenomena of primitive tombs.Paternal culture ended matriarchal society,but some elements of matriarchal society still exist.In addition,Kristeva also found that there were relevant signals when the matrilineal society changed into the paternal society,such as paternal unilateral kinship and ancestor worship.The transformation and retention of the two social forms are consistent with Kristeva’s theory of symbols and symbols.The third chapter studies Kristeva’s understanding of tonal language and hieroglyphics by taking Chinese character language as the starting point.She believes that tonal language makes Chinese children participate in social information coding earlier,and infants rely on their mother at the stage of learning tonality,so tonal language has the mark of their mother.On the point of hieroglyphics,Kristeva found that the visibility of hieroglyphics and the components indicated by shapes can arouse a more primitive psychological level.The primitive state corresponds to femininity here.Chinese characters have become another kind of writing,helping Western phonetic writing to establish new aesthetic principles.Based on the contents of the previous three chapters,the fourth chapter discusses the thinking mode behind Kristeva’s Chinese cognition,that is,she adopts a kind of heterogeneous thinking,which determines that Kristeva focuses on the aspects different from the West in Chinese society,so as to show another world and reflect on Western civilization.It is worth mentioning that Kristeva often associates China with women,which reflects that she not only regards China as a heterogeneous existence in the west,but also believes that women are a heterogeneous component of male society.Compared with the colonial color in the traditional comparison between China and the west,Kristeva’s self-criticism consciousness contained in her heterogeneous thinking is undoubtedly a progress in the opening and exchange of civilizations.She hopes to realize freedom in the form of resistance in the exchange of different civilizations.To sum up,Kristeva’s description of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism,matriarchal society and Chinese character language shows a heterogeneous world different from the west,and often connects China with women,highlighting the subversion and vigilance of heterogeneous content.The pursuit of heterogeneity is also Kristeva’s pursuit of freedom.As a famous academic master at home and abroad,Kristeva has visited China three times and has many written descriptions of the Oriental world.Taken together,Kristeva actually portrays China as a heterogeneous existence relative to the West.This paper will take heterogeneity as the core to explore how Kristeva views all aspects of Chinese society from this perspective.