A Research On The Imperial Examination Candidates Of Shangshu

Shangshu is an important classic in our country.The Five Classics Doctors were established in the Han Dynasty,and Shangshu is one of them.After The Imperial Examination System came into being,Shangshu also became an important standard for the Imperial Examinations.After the Yuan Dynasty,the mode and scope of The Imperial Examinations were basically the same.The market demand for professional examination books increased significantly,and then gradually became a system.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the number of types of Imperial Examination Candidates had greatly increased,and a separate category of "Reference Books for Imperial Examination " began in catalogue writings.This kind of books is quite different from academic works,and has its own characteristics and development process.At present,most of the academic researches on the Imperial Examination Candidates are chronological studies,and they focus on the issue of classics,publication,engraving,special books and person responsible for some work,but pay little attention to the characteristics of this books and its evolution with the times.Therefore,this paper takes the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu as the research object,and divides it into three categories,namely,books of Simulation questions for Classic righteousness,books of Enlighten and books of High-headed Chapters,and selects some representative works,such as Shuyi Jinshi,Shujing Pangxun,and Shujing Bianmeng Jiangyi to investigate the characteristics and development of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu.This paper is divided into seven parts to study the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu.The first part is an overview of the the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu in different dynasties.Combing the characteristics of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu from The Tang dynasty to the Song dynasty,and sums up its characteristics of the times.The second part explores and analyzes the development and evolution of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu.The development and evolution of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:firstly,The core changed form Shangshu Zhengyi to Shu jizhuan;Secondly,its data is gradually enhanced,and the reference function for preparing for exams is enhanced;Thirdly,the writing style is constantly enriched,and the engraving forms are flexible and diverse.The third part discusses the value of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu.The value of the Imperial Examination Candidates of Shangshu is as follows:Firstly,it reflects the emphasis on the title of the imperial examination at that time and provides research reference;Secondly,Some of these books cited in other books that had been lost,so these Imperial Examination Candidates of can compile scattered writings.Thirdly,it can be used for collating.In the fourth part gives an example to analyze the books of Simulation questions for Classic righteousness.Taking Yuan Chen Yuedao’s Shuyi Duanfa ect.as examples to explores the characteristics of them.This kind of books don’t record all the scriptures,so they can be extracted for the Imperial Examiners to make articles,or add circle points for evaluation.This kind of books are very closed to the Imperial Examination,so they can reflect base situation on the Imperial Examination’s questions.The fifth part gives examples to analyze books of Enlighten.In this paper,Li Shu’s Shujing Pangxun ect.are taken as examples for analysis.This kind of books are used for enlightenment,most of them were abridged and briefly interpreted Shu Jizhuan,so they are short in length and concise in content,attach importance to reading and interpreting the sentences of the scriptures.They paying attention to exegesis and cross-talk of classics,and the proportion of discussion of classics is small.Moreover,books of Enlighten are introductory reading materials for studying scripture.Although its content is relatively basic and simple,its importance can’t be ignored.The sixth part,examples are given to analyze the books of High-headed Chapters.This paper divided those books into two categories:recording the full text of Shu Jizhuan and adding notes;deleting Shu Jizhuan without notes.And taking Zhang Nai of the Ming Dynasty’s Zhangtaishi Zuanzhu Shujing Zhuyi Jindan,ect.for analysis.Generally,these books are engraved in the bookstore,and the interpreted texts are printed in the top of page for viewing in contrast to the scriptures below.Because of their Larger blank space in the top,they are called "high-headed chapters".Their main content was the exertion of Confucian classics,and they are presented in the format of upper and lower columns.Their compilation methods were mainly compilation and integration of other theories,so they only have few original ideas of Confucian classics.Because most of them were profitable works of bookshops,their printing quality are very poor.The seventh part is the conclusion,which mainly summarizes the full text according to the analysis contents of the first six parts of the paper.