| As an important vehicle for the transmission and development of TCM academic ideas,TCM canonical texts have been effectively guiding TCM clinical practice for thousands of years.At present,research results in the field of TCM to assist clinical decision making include disease guidelines,consensus,systematic evaluation and other materials,however,the application value of these materials is very limited,and they are seldom used by physicians in actual clinical application situations,making it difficult to directly solve clinical problems.How to efficiently use the TCM texts that really guide and determine the TCM doctors in the process of treatment is the key issue and key link for the rapid and intelligent development of TCM.Research in TCM should always be oriented to clinical problems and aimed at serving clinical decisions.Wittgenstein,in his "Treatise on Logic and Philosophy," states that "the world is all facts,not the sum of things.In the field of medicine as well,if we want to organize,learn and pass on the experience of the healer,we need to explore the purpose of the healer’s thinking from the event level,not only from the perspective of conceptual relationship and data mining,but also from the perspective of the healer’s thinking in the process of treating diseases.Events are the conditions that prompt changes in the state of things and relationships,and are defined in this study as the conditions that prompt a shift in the thinking of the Chinese medical practitioner throughout the disease diagnosis and treatment process,i.e.,several key aspects under the thinking paths of diagnosis,treatment,and evaluation.This study aims to assist clinical decision-making by constructing a knowledge system of events in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,including diagnostic events,etiological events,treatment events,mis-treatment events,and prognostic events,through the perspective of "events" and using logical analysis to explore the components and correlations of events.Then the event knowledge map is visualized by Neo4j software to facilitate the access to the event knowledge system.Finally,through the event-event,event-elements,and elements-elements relationships,the interface with clinical problems is realized.1 Purpose of the studyThis study provides a new perspective and methodological process for the Typhoid to aid clinical decision making.1.1 Constructing a knowledge system of events in the Treatise on Typhoid FeverTo reorganize the relationship between the basic concepts of symptoms,prescriptions,and drugs contained in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever from the perspective of "events".By clarifying the definitions and components of diagnostic events,etiological events,therapeutic events,prognostic events,and contraindications in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,the knowledge structure of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,with events as the main vein,is built by sorting out the event-element relationship,event-event relationship,and element-element relationship.1.2 Building an event-based knowledge map of TyphoidWe visualize the knowledge system in Typhoid from the perspective of "events" show the knowledge structure of the paths corresponding to the "clinical problem-solution" in Typhoid,and further explore the association of basic concepts in Typhoid under different purposes.The relationship1.3 Provide basis for clinical decision-making based on the event knowledge map of TyphoidAccording to clinical needs,the link paths of event-element relationships are accurately and quickly invoked and combined with event-event relationships and element-element relationships to realize functions such as auxiliary diagnosis,recommendation of treatment measures and contraindication warnings.2 Research methodThis study relies on the text of Typhoid,uses logical analysis to define the basic concepts of events,elements,and relationships contained in Typhoid itself,sorts out the steps of event extraction based on Typhoid,and completes the extraction of events,elements,and eventelement relationships,event-event relationships,and element-element relationships to build the event knowledge system based on Typhoid;through the way of event knowledge mapping The knowledge system is visualized by importing events,elements and various relationships into Neo4j software through python software.Finally,based on the cypher statement of Neo4j software,we can realize the link query based on the relationship,call the knowledge structure in the event knowledge system,and correspond the clinical problems and treatment plans to assist clinical decision-making.3 Research results3.1 An event-centered knowledge system of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever was constructedA total of 599 specific events of seven event types were extracted from this study,namely disease diagnosis events,evidence-based diagnosis events,etiological and pathogenetic speculation events,treatment events,contraindication events,mis-treatment events and prognosis events.Among them,the number of treatment events ranked first.A total of 1101 specific elements were extracted from 14 element types,namely disease,symptoms,prescriptions,treatment rules,patient population,etiology and pathogenesis,condition description,contraindication description,pulse,symptoms,acupuncture points,drugs,prognosis description,and treatment measures.Among them,symptom elements were the first in number.A total of 2897 specific relationships were extracted from five event-element relationship types in this study,namely,basis relationship,cause relationship,condition relationship,result relationship,and conclusion relationship.A total of 221 specific relationships were extracted from 2 types of event-event relationships in this study,which were paraconsistent relationship and juxtaposition relationship.A total of 638 specific relations were extracted from 2 element-factor relations in this study,which were contingent and inclusion relations.3.2 The event knowledge graph of Typhoid was constructedThere are two types of nodes in the event knowledge graph of Typhoid that are constructed in this study:event nodes and element nodes.Among them,there are 7 specific types of event nodes and 599 nodes in total.There are 14 specific types of element nodes and 1010 nodes in total.The relationships contain three different relationships:event-event,event-element and element-element.Among them,there are 487 conditional relations,1536 basis relations,96 cause relations,177 result relations and 598 conclusion relations for event-elements;136 paraconsistent relations and 85 juxtaposition relations for event-events;112 contingent relations and 526 inclusion relations for element-elements.3.3 Realizing the function of providing basis for assisting clinical decision-making based on the knowledge map of the events of TyphoidThe relationship between the elements of disease,etiology and disease mechanism,treatment method and rules of treatment,and the event of mis-treatment is used to predict the possible changes of the disease after mis-treatment;the relationship between the elements of etiology and disease mechanism,symptoms,and the event of prognosis is used to predict the prognosis of the disease;the relationship between the elements of disease,description,symptoms,pulse and the event of contraindication is used to give treatment warning.4 ConclusionBy reorganizing the knowledge in Typhoid from the perspective of "events",we can systematically organize each knowledge point in Typhoid from the whole logical relationship,unlike the previous knowledge mapping which only focuses on the relationship between concepts.Through a well-structured event knowledge system,it is able to present the logical thinking pattern of the healer in each aspect.The number of individual events in this study indicates that the Treatise on Typhoid Fever places the most emphasis on the treatment link among several links,such as diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis,i.e.,the book’s main purpose is to provide treatment options.Among the events,the relationship with the highest number of relationships is the "basis" relationship,which indicates that "Treatise on Typhoid" focuses more on providing the basis for making each decision.By reconstructing the knowledge system of Typhoid through event knowledge mapping and visualizing it with Neo4j software,the event-event relationship,event-element relationship,and element-element relationship contained in the event knowledge mapping can be used to match clinical problems and information,and finally accomplish the purpose of assisting clinical decision-making.It provides reference and reference for canonical assisted clinical decision making in the field of Chinese medicine. |
