Study On The Spatial Pattern And Conservation Priority Of Nature Reserves In Guizhou Provinc

As the basis of China’s protected area system,nature reserves bear the important function of protecting,maintaining and restoring rare and endangered wild animals and plants and their habitats.Revealing the spatial pattern and conservation priority of nature reserves can provide scientific basis for the optimization of nature reserve system.Based on this,this study used kernel density,nearest neighbor index,standard deviation ellipse,buffer analysis and other methods to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution process,aggregation characteristics and influencing factors of 105 nature reserves in Guizhou Province.According to the technical specification for biodiversity conservation value assessment of nature reserves（LY/T2649-2016）,66 nature reserves with detailed background data were taken as examples to evaluate their conservation value,and the differences and conservation priorities of different types and levels of nature reserves were clarified.Taking the conservation value of nature reserves as the dependent variable,the key environmental factors affecting the conservation value of nature reserves were identified,the key environmental factors interval of nature reserves with high conservation value was clarified,the potential areas with high conservation value and the protection vacancy areas were identified,and the suggestions for the optimization of nature reserves system in Guizhou province were put forward.The results show that:（1）The nature reserves in Guizhou province show rapid growth and gradual stability in time series evolution.As of December 2021,105 nature reserves with a total area of 86,6381.76 hm² have been established,accounting for 4.92%of the land area of Guizhou Province,and the forest ecological type and wildlife type are the main ones.Inland wetland type and natural heritage type are complementary protection systems.Nature reserve,the size and number of presents the imbalance in the space,and time sequence change show and expanding outward situation gradually fusion,its spatial pattern appears as aggregation distribution state,and is weakened the characteristics of volatility,continue to fall on the space movement speed,eventually formed the dominated by the northeast-southwest direction and gradually stable spatial pattern.The spatial evolution of nature reserves is influenced by a variety of factors,and different factors have different explanatory power to the spatial differentiation of the number and area of nature reserves.Slope,NDVI,vegetation type,GDP and population have significant effects on the spatial differentiation of the number and area of nature reserves in Guizhou Province,which are the common main factors restricting their spatial pattern.After the interaction of different influencing factors,the relationship is enhanced,and the explanatory power is obviously enhanced,which is manifested as double factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement.（2）Different types of nature reserves have different comprehensive conservation values.The average comprehensive conservation value of forest ecological type（39.52）was higher than that of wildlife type（35.73）,while that of inland wetland type was lower than that of other nature reserves.The comprehensive conservation value of nature reserves of the same type varies greatly.The highest and lowest scores of comprehensive conservation value were forest ecological type,which are Fanjingshan Nature Reserve of Guizhou（97.23）and Wangjiahe Nature Reserve of Pu’an（0.65）.The highest and lowest scores for wild species were for wild plants,Chishui Alsophila spinulosa Nature Reserve（71.32）and Pu’an Lugou Ancient Nature Reserve（6.55）;The comprehensive conservation value of national nature reserves was generally higher,with an average value of 72.26.The top 3 comprehensive conservation values were Fanjingshan Nature Reserve of Guizhou（97.23）,Dashahe Nature Reserve of Guizhou（82.88）and Leigongshan Nature Reserve of Guizhou（77.42）.In addition to national nature reserves,nature reserves with high comprehensive protection value involve other levels,such as Guizhou Moon Mountain Nature Reserve at the municipal level（73.41）and Guizhou Chishui Primary Forest Nature Reserve at the county level（71.11）,etc.The above nature reserves should be paid attention to and recommended to be protected and promoted first.（3）NDVI,population,NPP and GDP were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of conservation value.The spatial differentiation of conservation value depended first on habitat quality,and secondly on human interference.The conservation value has a significant positive correlation with the quality of habitat and a significant negative correlation with the level of human disturbance.The main influencing factors in the areas with high conservation value are as follows:NDVI is 0.8686～0.9000,NPP is671.5970～954.1250 g C·m^-2,population is 54.3417～117.1344 person·km^-2,GDP is131.0000～304.9510 million Yuan·km^-2.The total area of the identified protection priority areas is 40842.64km2,accounting for 23.18%of the national territory of Guizhou Province.Among them,the area of the first-class protection priority area is 11791.51km²,the area of the second-class protection priority area is 3158.22km²,and the area of the third-class protection priority area is 25892.90km².The protection priority area involves 15536.48km² of forest vegetation,14454.71km² of shrub vegetation and 10851.45km² of shrub and grass vegetation,accounting for 38.04%,35.39%and 26.57%of the total area of the protection priority area,respectively.At the same time,the identified conservation priority areas are close to or overlap with nature reserves at all levels and areas with high species richness.Among them,44 nature reserves are involved in priority areas for protection,accounting for 41.90%of the total nature reserves in Guizhou province,and 66.67%of the total nature reserves above city（state）level in Guizhou Province.（4）The existing nature reserve system in Guizhou province fails to cover the priority conservation areas well,and there are still 4 conservation gaps.Based on the evaluated conservation value of nature reserves,the expert consultation method was used to supplement and explore the conservation value of other nature reserves,and combined with the conservation priority area,conservation vacancy and ecological function area plan of Guizhou Province,eight key function areas for the optimization and integration of nature reserves in Guizhou Province were proposed,Including:Chishui-Xishui karst in northern Guizhou evergreen,deciduous broad-leaved forest biodiversity maintenance and soil conservation key area（K1）,Qianbei Daloushan evergreen,deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest biodiversity maintenance and soil conservation key area（K2）,key area for biodiversity maintenance and soil conservation of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wulingshan in northeastern Guizhou（K3）,key area for water conservation and soil conservation in Miaoling evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest in southeastern Guizhou（K4）,key areas for biodiversity maintenance and soil conservation in karst evergreen broad-leaved forests in southern Guizhou（K5）,key areas for soil conservation in evergreen broad-leaved forests in southwestern Guizhou and Beipanjiang（K6）,and evergreen broad-leaved forests in Wumengshan in northwestern Guizhou The key area for soil conservation and lake biodiversity maintenance in the Caohai Plateau（K7）and the key area for water conservation of karst evergreen broad-leaved forests in central Guizhou（K8）,relevant recommendations on the optimization and adjustment and the construction of ecological corridors are proposed for the protection vacancies in Guizhou Province.