The Difference In Memory Fidelity Between Visual Long-term Memory And Visual Working Memory

Visual working memory and visual long-term memory are two independent memory systems with different cognitive functions.In contrast to visual working memory,which has limited capacity,visual long-term memory can store thousands of objects with important details.But how accurate is visual long-term memory,and how does it compare to visual working memory? The issue remains controversial today.Previous studies have shown that the memory accuracy of visual long-term memory is lower than that of visual working memory,and some studies have also shown that visual long-term memory and visual working memory have similar accuracy.However,some memory phenomena in daily life suggest that the accuracy of visual long-term memory seems to be very high and should be higher than that of visual working memory.This study aims to verify this possibility by conducting four experiments.In this study,continuous report paradigm was used as visual color memory task,college students were taken as subjects,simple stimuli(colored squares)were used as experimental materials in experiment 1 and experiment 2,and real objects(brands)in life were used as experimental materials in experiment 3.On the basis of previous studies,experiment 1 added the long-term memory condition of recall after a lot of practice.The results showed that,compared with the perceptual condition,the memory accuracy of the color block would significantly decrease and the guessing rate would also significantly increase under the memory condition.In the memory condition,the memory accuracy of long-term memory is higher than that of the other two memory conditions.Based on the results of experiment 1,Experiment 2 further explored the accuracy of longterm memory and its comparison with the accuracy of working memory from the perspective of time persistence.Long-term memory was tested at three times intervals,one hour after the interval,one day after the interval and one week after the interval.The results showed that even if the interval was one week,the accuracy of visual long-term memory was still significantly higher than that of visual working memory,which repeated the conclusion of experiment 1.In order to further explore whether the conclusion is applicable to life-based memory materials,experiment 3 uses real objects(brands)in life and introduces familiarity to stimuli.Familiar trademarks are understood as memory materials stored in the long-term memory system,and unfamiliar trademarks are taken as new memory materials.The results show that for unfamiliar trademarks,The results of memory accuracy under different conditions are basically consistent with those of experiment 1.By comparing the memory accuracy of familiar and unfamiliar trademarks under working memory conditions,it is found that the memory accuracy of familiar trademarks is significantly higher than that of unfamiliar trademarks,further verifying that the memory accuracy of materials stored in the long-term memory system is higher than that of materials stored in the working memory system.In summary,the main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)In the case of memorizing simple stimulus materials,the memory accuracy of visual long-term memory is higher than that of visual working memory.(2)From the perspective of time persistence,the results show that the memory accuracy of visual long-term memory remains at a high level over time even after one week,and is stably higher than that of visual working memory.(3)In the case of remembering trademarks in life,the memory accuracy of visual long-term memory is still higher than that of visual working memory.