A Study On The Assistance To Widow In Tianjin During The Period Of Republic Of China 1927-1937

In modern times,affected by war and natural disasters,people lived in hardship,and a large number of poor people in need of assistance appeared in the society.Among the many needy people who need to be rescued,the widow is one of the groups in urgent need of assistance.In the modern social changes,most widow still face low social status,economic difficulties,difficulties in making a living,ideological oppression and other situations.As a commercial port opened earlier in modern China,Tianjin was deeply influenced by Western ideas and had a strong call for women’s liberation.The assistance to widow was further strengthened.Before the Republic of China,the government and society’s assistance to the widow was to maintain the chastity of the widow.After the Republic of China,with the continuous development of women’s liberation thought and the deepening of the problem of widow,the society not only paid attention to the problem of rescuing widow,but also closely related to the life of widow,such as property inheritance,remarriage,work,education and other issues.After the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing,the society became stable for the time being.In order to further strengthen social control and integrate social resources,Tianjin Special Municipal Government set up a Social bureau and formulated relevant rules to strengthen the supervision and management of various social charity groups.At the same time,the women’s relief House and the poor relief House were set up to help the widow.There are mainly two kinds of relief methods: one is to organize winter relief and provide daily food and clothing,and other scattered relief;the other is to train the skills of widow and arrange marriage and work for them.Due to the limitation of funds,its rescue force is limited,but also reflects the Nanjing National government period,the government attaches great importance to social assistance.The first private sector rescue organizations in Tianjin are Xulihui charity,with the development of industry and commerce in Tianjin,the comprehensive charity built by business gentry,such as Guangrentang charity and Nanshantang charity,has emerged.After the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing,the rescue bodies of widow have been expanded,including traditional charity,religious charity,Tianjin Women’s Association,Relief committee of Tianjin Local Association,and individual rescue,etc.The relief methods were mainly distributed,such as food,medicine,clothing,etc.There was also a relatively sufficient fund for the Guangren Tang charity to provide both education and assistance for widow.During this period,with the strengthening of the government’s power,the non-governmental rescue forces were supervised and managed by the government,and their enthusiasm for relief declined.However,in terms of the overall effect of relief,the non-governmental charity groups played a major role in the relief of wives,making up for the lack of government assistance.During the period of the National Government of Nanjing,the government’s rescue for widow was established under the guidance of the central government’s policies.Therefore,the research on the government’s rescue for widow during this period can,to a certain extent,understand the government’s overall rescue policies and characteristics during this period.The folk rescue was developed on the basis of the late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang government,and the research on the folk rescue of the period can also understand the characteristics of the folk rescue of the Tianjin.By analyzing the characteristics and effectiveness of government and private salvation for widow,the factors affecting the rescue of widow in this period are explored.To provide some reference for the protection of modern women’s rights and interests and the assistance of vulnerable groups.