Study Of Sima Qian’s "Study Of The Occasion Of Heaven And Man"

The most important purpose of Sima Qian’s "The Records of the Grand Historian" is "to investigate the relationship of heaven and man,to understand the changes of the past and the present,and to make a single statement".For a long time,there seems to be no great disagreement among scholars on the understanding of "to understand the changes of the past and the present,and to make a single statement",but what is "the relationship of heaven and man" ? Why does Sima Qian want to "investigate the relationship of heaven and man" ? What is the connotation of Sima Qian’s idea of "the relationship of heaven and man" ? The scholarly community has been in a lot of litigation,so it is necessary to carry out further research on this.First of all,we need to clarify the concepts of "heaven","man" and "heaven and man" in Sima Qian’s context,and find out through investigation that the "heaven" and "man" referred to by Sima Qian "There are three main meanings of " heaven " mentioned by Sima Qian in The Records of the Grand Historian,namely,the natural heaven,the sacred heaven,and the mysterious heaven.The " people " that Sima Qian refers to include the following three kinds of people,namely,political affairs,monarchs,and individual people.To investigate the relationship between " heaven " and " man " means to investigate the relationship between " heaven " and " man ".Both " heaven " and " man " by Sima Qian have various meanings,and the specific meaning of " heaven " and the specific meaning of " man " are related." Accordingly,the connotation of Sima Qian’s idea of "Heaven and Man" should also have multiple meanings.There are three main reasons for Sima Qian’s "inquiry into the relationship of heaven and man".Firstly,the family tradition and the identity of "Tai Shi" objectively promoted Sima Qian’s inquiry into the relationship between heaven and man.Secondly,it is because of Sima Qian’s strong concern for reality that he observed and reflected on reality,and then put forward his ideal idea of the relationship between heaven and man.Finally,Sima Qian himself had a different understanding of the idea of celestial-human relations,which dominated the ideology of the state,mainly because he disagreed with Dong Zhongshu’s idea of celestial-human relations,which used a complete set of theories to prove the theory of auspiciousness and disaster dispensation.It was precisely because Dong Zhongshu’s doctrine overly upheld the sanctity of the monarch’s power and the absolute authority of the monarch that his doctrine was eventually accepted by the ruler and became the state ideology.Sima Qian disagreed with Dong Zhongshu’s doctrine of the relationship between heaven and man and the behavior of Emperor Wu.Sima Qian believed that people could observe the natural properties of the sky through celestial signs,and through the observation of the natural properties of the sky,people could make calendars.Secondly,the relationship between the sacred heavens and the ruler.The most important purpose of the sacred heavens was to make the ruler fearful so that he could carry out a virtuous government.Sima Qian advocated the use of "virtue" and "ritual" to restrain the power and desires of the monarch,rather than using a cumbersome philosophical theory to create a sacred heaven to maintain the absolute authority of the monarch,as Dong Zhongshu did;lastly,the relationship between the mysterious heaven and individual people.The main feature of the relationship between heaven and man he discussed at this level was the separation of heaven and man.Sima Qian tried to reduce the role of the mysterious heaven in determining the fate of individuals,and advocated that individuals should rely on their own autonomy and rational consciousness to write their own life trajectory,instead of superstitiously believing in the fate of heaven.In Sima Qian’s opinion,when facing the ruler’s rule which is not in line with the moral rule,the individual person is more rebellious to the regime rather than unconditionally obedient,so Sima Qian’s advocacy of personal autonomy and rational consciousness will,to a certain extent,also serve as a warning to the ruler,so that the ruler will rule the people with morality.Through the exploration of Sima Qian’s "inquiry into the relationship of heaven and man",it can be found that the point of Sima Qian’s "inquiry into the relationship of heaven and man" is the morality of the monarch,and out of his strong sense of historical responsibility,Sima Qian dares to discover and point out the problems of real politics,and on the basis of his criticism of real He hoped that the Han dynasty would have a long and stable reign,and the way to have a long and stable reign was that the ruler should implement virtuous governance and rule the country with virtue so that the empire would last.