Research On The Postal Service In The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border District During The Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border district which was once a model base for antiJapanese democracy was not only a strong bastion for defending the military and people of the border district,but also a glary beacon for guiding the whole nation in the war of resistance.China was a country with frequent wars and internal and external troubles in20 th century.The postal service was born as a link between the Party Central Committee,the government of border region and the revolutionary base areas due to the needs of the revolutionary situation.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border district was located in the Loess Plateau in the northwest of China,with high mountains and deep valleys,a few people lived,and economic difficulties,so the postal service in the border district was relatively backward and regulations in all aspects were not sound.With the continuous development of the revolutionary situation,the postal service in the border district was able to develop and expand in the war.The development of postal service in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border district has gone through various stages.Initially,there was no postal agency,but only relied on the peasants who supported the revolution to establish the communication methods of "step guard","chicken feather letter" and "mountain whistle",With the continuous victory of guerrilla warfare and the continuous expansion of the revolutionary base areas,a post office specializing in delivery work was established in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border district.After the Xi’an Incident,the Communist Party of China,in order to promote the establishment of Chinese united front against Japanese aggression,finally abolished the post office in the border district on the March 22 nd,1938,and the delivery of letters were unified by the post office managed by Chinese Nationalist Party.Unfortunately,Reactionary had an opportunity to take advantage of the reasonable position to destroy intelligence due to the withdrawal of the post office in the border district so that the letters were sent to the wrong places or the important information inside was stolen.In addition,with the increased demand for propaganda and communication tasks,the post office in the border district station came into being.During the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,the post office in the border district gradually expanded and improved under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the frontier government.However,it encountered many problems in the course of development,such as bloated postal agency,slow postal transportation,low literacy of postal workers,and the problem of accommodation for correspondents when they went out,etc.After several adjustments and reforms,especially the implementation of the streamlining administration,the post office in the border district reduced the number of postal staff,strengthened the grassroots organization,and reduced the phenomenon of the backlog of letters and delivery by mistake.It planned reasonable postal routes and shifts to make sure the normal operation of postal work.By improving the treatment of staffs,formulating the institution of rewards and punishment,and strengthening the education of staffs,it improved the consciousness and cultural level of postal staffs.It looked for reliable food stations to provide a comfortable environment for the correspondents who were out for a long time.the post office in the border district achieved development rapidly under the rectification in all aspects,especially the increased volume of its postal service.During this period,post office in the border district made remarkable contributions to the victory of the revolutionary cause.It conveyed orders and instructions from the Party Central Committee and the frontier government,delivered documents and letters from the Party and government organizations,propagated the Party’s guidelines and policies,which played a key role of the Party’s publicity.At the same time,it also played an important role in facilitating the contact between the military and the people in the border district.