A Study On The Smuggling In Hainan Island And The Anti Smuggling Of Kiungchow Customs In Modern

In modern Chinese history,smuggling has always existed in Hainan Island.The late Qing government imposed high tax rates on opium,but it was unable to curb the temptation of high profit opium smuggling to private merchants.Therefore,opium smuggling was mainly used during this period.Due to the weakness and incompetence of the late Qing government and the various privileges enjoyed by foreigners in China,although the unequal treaties had anti-smuggling provisions,they were difficult to implement.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,through unremitting efforts,China achieved tariff autonomy.In order to increase fiscal revenue,the government significantly increased the tariff rate,but this also led to the proliferation of smuggling.During the period of the Republic of China,it was mainly the smuggling of ordinary commodities,while due to Japan’s economic aggression against China,there were also certain smuggling of weapons,drugs,and gold,silver,and currency.The Nanjing National Government has taken various measures to curb smuggling,making anti-smuggling truly effective and achieving initial results.However,the Nanjing National Government’s efforts to suppress smuggling without fundamentally changing the nature of China’s society will inevitably lead to certain defects and shortcomings in the suppression of smuggling.This article is divided into five chapters.The introduction part describes the background and significance of the topic,reviews the academic research on smuggling and anti-smuggling in modern China since the 1980 s,introduces the research ideas and methods,and introduces the main historical sources and innovations of this article.The first chapter briefly reviews the historical evolution of Kiungchow Customs from the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty to 1950.The predecessor of modern Kiungchow Customs was the Haikou General Port established in 1658.After the Second Opium War,Kiungchow Customs was officially established,until it was taken over by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 1950.The second chapter reviews the opium trade and opium smuggling in Hainan Island after the opening of the port in the late Qing Dynasty.The profits of opium were very high,and even high tax rates were difficult to prevent them from being imported into Hainan Island in large quantities through various channels.Due to the weakness and incompetence of the Qing government and the restrictions of unequal treaties,smuggling was difficult to implement.The third chapter mainly analyzes the smuggling situation in Hainan Island after the realization of tariff independence during the Republic of China.Hainan Island imports and smuggles a large amount of general consumer goods,exports and smuggles precious metals such as gold and silver,and has fixed smuggling strongholds and smuggling routes.The fourth chapter mainly studies the anti-smuggling activities of Kiungchow Customs during the period of the Nanjing National Government.Kiungchow Customs has taken various measures to curb smuggling,although facing certain obstacles,it can also effectively respond.The fifth chapter evaluates the anti-smuggling effectiveness of Kiungchow Customs during this period.Not only has the anti-smuggling system been initially established,but several years of anti-smuggling activities have also produced good results.However,due to Japan’s invasion,the anti-smuggling activities have been silent.The conclusion summarizes the smuggling and suppression of smuggling in modern Hainan Island.