How Does The "Revolutionary Subject" Generate ?

The debate on "revolutionary literature" is an important event in the history of modern Chinese literature,the controversies conducted a debates that mainly on their respective literary concepts,revolutionary experiences,and theoretical resources.The generation mode of the "revolutionary subject" was the centre of this debate,reflecting the main differences among the controversies on the topics,which are literature,revolution,intellectuals,revolution and etc.After the debate,many writers were inspired to think and construct the theory of "revolutionary subject",which provided abundant discourse resources in the later theoretical construction and the discourse practice of proletarian literature and art.The purpose of this paper is to sort out the main views of all parties on the generation of "revolutionary subject" in the1928 "revolutionary literature" debate,and explain the positive impact of the debate that relates to the construction of left-wing literary theory and creative practice.The article is divided into four parts:The first chapter mainly discusses why the generation of "revolutionary subjects" became a common concern among progressive intellectuals in 1928.The failure of the "Great Revolution" caused intellectuals to be "thrown out" in the revolutionary battlefield,and they urgently needed to find out ways to become the "revolutionary subject" again;During the process of absorbing foreign theoretical resources,intellectuals have discovered the theory and the possibility of being able to become "revolutionary subjects" again.In this process,they set out from the realistic context and borrowed theoretical resources from outside the region and transformed the old generation method of "revolutionary subjects".The above reasons led to a fierce debate that foucus on the generation of the "revolutionary subject" among the "Revolutionary Literature School".The second chapter presents the main viewpoints and the differences between the Creation Society and the Sun Society on generating the "revolutionary subject".Specifically,what the Creative Society recognizes is a theory of "instillation" of proletarian consciousness,which awakens proletarian consciousness through "instillation" and generates a "revolutionary subject";The Sun Society believes that the "reflection" method should be used,that is,the practical revolutionary experience of intellectual class should express the revolution for stimulating publics’ resistance and promote the generation of the "revolutionary subject".Though there were disagreements between the two sides,based on similar revolutionary demands,the two made analliance and argued against "enemies" such as Lu Xun and Mao Dun.The third chapter mainly explores the thinking of Lu Xun and Mao Dun on the issue of "revolutionary subject" : Lu Xun believed that "revolutionary subject" should be a "pioneer" in thought and action,from the "pioneer" to the masses for revolutionary enlightenment;Mao Dun believed that the generation of the "revolutionary subject" still requires bourgeois intellectuals as intermediaries,and then expands to the masses of workers and peasants.Their view of "revolutionary subject" sparked a fierce attack by the "revolutionary literary school",and in the debate,both sides adjusted their views.In the later development of literature,the issue of the generation of "revolutionary subjects" has been continuously debated and discussed by intellectuals.Around this issue,the development of proletarian literature and art in China has shown diverse features.The fourth Chapter analyzes the representative works in both sides of the controversy,which are "Roaring Land" and "Midnight",and illustrated the impact of the controversy in the creation.The Roaring Land "breaks through the simplified tendency of the generation of" revolutionary subjects "in early prosaic literature by describing the complex appearance of the classes of worker and peasant and described the struggle of individual nature towards class nature;“Midnight " reflects author’s observation of the revolutionary situation in China by showcasing the complex historical background,practical difficulties,and the inevitability to generate the proletarian " revolutionary subject ",which against the proletarian resistance.