A Study Of The Appellations In Beijing Mandarin Textbooks From Meiji To The Early Showa Period In Japan

Human beings cannot do without communication.Appellation is an important means of communication and one of the important signs of an era.Since ancient times,the huge appellation system is closely related to social life and changes with the development of the times.It has a strong social and epochal character.Therefore,we can further understand the social culture at that time through the study of address terms in a certain period.Beijing dialect has a unique historical heritage and cultural heritage,and has a special position in the history of Chinese language development.Historically,Beijing was the ancient capital of the six dynasties.Since the tenth century AD,it has gradually become the most important political and cultural center in China.All ethnic groups live together and their languages blend with each other.Since the Qing Dynasty,Beijing dialect has been influenced by Manchu.The period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was the turning point of the transition from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese,and also the key stage of the maturity of Beijing dialect.Beijing dialect is the basis of Mandarin.Since the Qing Dynasty,the influence of Beijing Mandarin has gradually exceeded that of Nanjing Mandarin.During the period of the Beiyang government,Beijing dialect has become the benchmark of "Mandarin".The early Beijing dialect in the textbooks of Beijing Mandarin from Meiji to Showa in Japan has shown its importance as an important part of the evolution of Mandarin,so it is meaningful to pay attention to the study of Beijing dialect.The textbook of Beijing Mandarin from Meiji to Showa in Japan is a textbook about Japanese learning Chinese in the late Qing and Republic of China from the end of the 19 th century to the middle of the 20 th century.It is an important language material for studying Beijing Mandarin in the late Qing and Republic of China.Japan during the late Qing and the Republic of China was in the period from Meiji to the beginning of Showa.In fact,Japan has published a large number of textbooks in Beijing dialect since the early Meiji.These textbooks are numerous,rich in content and highly colloquial,reflecting to varying degrees the education,commerce,officialdom,medical treatment,customs and other aspects of the late Qing and the Republic of China.They are more realistic and rigorous,close to the lives of the people,and the characters in the textbooks are mostly in the form of dialogue,There are both colloquial and polite expressions,which reflect the universality of Beijing dialect and,to a certain extent,the style and features of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Foreign materials have opened up a new research perspective to some extent,supplemented the existing Beijing dialect materials,and provided material support for the study of early Beijing dialect.Therefore,this thesis selects 11 kinds of Beijing Mandarin textbooks from Meiji to Showa in Japan as the corpus,and takes the appellation words appearing in them as the research object.Through the exhaustive statistics and classification of these appellations,this thesis will explore the characteristics of Beijing dialect appellations in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,show the basic use of appellations,excavate the potential interpersonal relations and social norms of people in this period,and further understand the political,economic,ideological and cultural connotations behind.This thesis consists of six parts:introduction.This part introduces the reason for choosing the topic,the current research situation,the content method and the source of the corpus.The introduction.Kinship terms.According to the differences of blood relationship and use objects in address terms,this chapter classifies kinship address terms into three categories: paternal,maternal and conjugal,and focuses on some of them.At the same time,this chapter also makes a further discussion on the collective terms,generic terms and pseudo-kinship terms in kinship terms.The second chapter is social appellation.According to the different social relations and objects in the address terms,this chapter divides the social address terms into official address terms,professional address terms,relational address terms and other sub-categories.Each sub-category is discussed as a section.Through the specific description of different types of social address terms,people’s social life and political and economic situation in the late Qing and Republic of China can be seen.The third chapter is emotional appellation.According to the different emotions when people appear in the scene in the address words,this chapter divides the emotional address words into two subcategories: humble address words and slang address words.Each subcategory is discussed as a section.Through the specific analysis of the emotional address words,we can explore the emotional color expressed behind the characters and the use of emotional address words in different situations.The fourth chapter reflects the characteristics of the era of the late Qing and the Republic of China.According to the era background of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and the specific analysis of the appellations in the previous article,this chapter introduces the political,social and economic,ideological and cultural characteristics of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China reflected by the appellations,such as the changes in the official system in politics,the emergence of new vocational appellations in economy,and the embodiment of the thought of democracy and equality in ideology and culture.The last part is the conclusion.This part is a summary of 11 kinds of appellations in Beijing Mandarin textbooks from Meiji to Showa in Japan.