| Song Lian(宋濂)was"the best literary minister of the early Ming dynasty"(明初开国文臣之首),and he had quite a lot compositions.However,there are few linguistic studies based on his compositions,and still has room for elucidation.Hongwu’s Official Rhyme(《洪武正韵》)is an official rhyme book compiled by Song Lian in the early Ming Dynasty(明初).The book was modified and re-edited on the basis of Revision of the Rhythm of the Mutual Note of Rites(《增修互注礼部韵略》)by Mao Huang and his son Mao Juzheng(毛晃和毛居正两父子)in the Song Dynasty,and it combining 206 rhymes into 76 rhymes.Song Lian lived in the late Yuan(元末)and early Ming(明初)dynasties.This period inherited the sound of Rhyme Classification of Characters(《切韵》)and started the modern sound(现代音).It is a transitional period from medieval sound(中古音)to modern sound(近代音).The study of the pronunciation of this period is conducive to better grasp many phenomena in the diachronic evolution of pronunciation.This paper makes a comparative analysis between Song Lian’s poetic rhyme works and Hongwu’s Official Rhyme.One is to describe the rhyme system of Song Lian’s poetry,and the other is to analyze the similarities and differences between Song Lian’s poetic rhyme and Hongwu’s Official Rhyme.The poetic materials used in this paper come from Annotation to The Complete Works of Song Lian(《宋濂全集笺注》),which is the most complete collection of Song Lian’s poetry materials at present.By referring to various rhyme books,this paper arranges the rhyme materials of Song Lian’s poetry and divides them into"modern style poetry"(近体诗)and"ancient style poetry"(古体诗).By discriminating the genre,distinguishing the style,determining the rhyme segment and extracting rhyme words,this paper links 23 rhymes of Song Lian’s modern style poetry and 17 rhymes of ancient style poetry respectively.The 23 rhymes of Song Lian’s modern style are:10 Yinsheng rhymes(阴声韵),namely Zhi Zhi(支之),Gui Wei(归微),Ju Yu(居鱼),Yu Mo(虞模),Qi Xi(齐西),Hui Hai(灰咍),Yao Hao(爻豪),Ge Ge(歌戈),Jia Ma(家麻),You Hou(尤侯);13 Yangsheng Rhymes(阳声韵),namely Dong Zhong(东锺),Jiang Chuang(江窗),Yang Tang(阳唐),Geng Qing(庚清),Qing Ming(青冥),Zheng Deng(蒸登),Zhen Zhun(真谆),Wen Xin(文欣),Yuan Hun(元魂),Han Shan(寒山),Xian Xian(先仙),Qin Xun(侵寻),Tan Tan(覃谈).The 17 ancient rhymes are:6 Yinsheng rhymes,namely Zhi Yu(支鱼),Ji Hui(皆灰),Xiao Yao(萧爻),Ge Ge(歌戈),Ma Zhe(麻遮),You Hou(尤侯);8 Yangsheng rhymes,namely Dong Zhong(东锺),Yang Jiang(阳江),Geng Qing(庚青),Zhen Wen(真文),Han Xian(寒先),Qin Xun(侵寻),Tan Tan(覃谈),Yan Tian(盐添);3 Rusheng Rhymes(入声韵),namely Wu Zhu(屋烛),Yao Jue(药觉),and Ji Ye(缉叶).According to the analysis,the rhyme of Song Lian’s modern poetry generally followed the rules of Pingshui rhyme(平水韵),while the ancient style poems are relatively consistent with Hongwu’s Official Rhyme in the classification of some rhymes,and are different from Hongwu’s Official Rhyme in the classification of many rhymes and incoming sounds.Song Lian’s ancient style poems use a wide range of rhymes,Jiangshe and Dangshe(江、宕二摄),Gengshe and Zengshe(梗、曾二摄),Tongshe 3 rhymes(通摄三韵)are all used in the same way,and to a certain extent reflect the actual local pronunciation at that time,such as Zhi use with Yu(支鱼通押),Rusheng rhyme reduces(入声分部减少).The idea of merging the rhymes in Hongwu’s Official Rhyme is consistent with Song Lian’s ancient poetry rhyme,but the rhyme book does not include dialects,and tries to maintain the tradition of matching Rusheng rhyme and the Yangsheng rhyme(入声韵与阳声韵相配),and there are situations such as Yu and Mu opposite(鱼模对立),Ma divided Ma and Zhe(麻韵分出麻、遮),etc.The thesis analyzes the 12 poems of Song Lian’s later period,and compares the similarities and differences with Hongwu’s Official Rhyme,from which we know that Song Lian’s poetry rhyme system has been consistently used in his poetry creation,and it is not because of the changes in the compilation and publication of Hongwu’s Official Rhyme.After the appearance of Hongwu’s Official Rhyme,Song Lian,the editor-in-chief,did not follow this set of official rhyme styles in his poems. |
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