| The conjunctions of"不X",represented by"not only",are subordinate to related words,and the conjunctions of"不X...而且..."Sentence pattern is the typical representative of progressive complex sentences,which has the characteristics of semantic esoteric and complex syntactic rules,etc.It is a kind of sentence pattern that second language learners come into contact with early and use frequently,but make many mistakes.In response to"不X...而且..."Sentence of ontology research is more comprehensive and in-depth,however,from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language study is not sufficient,the related research in the"progressive relationship conjunctions"as investigation object,the scope of progressive"不X"the conjunction of class discussion relatively scarce,and the discussion a general ontology and light bias of orientation,It is characterized by large length of ontology,insufficient number of error examples and relatively general classification of errors.In this paper,by judging the part of speech of conjunctions,examining the inclusion in the teaching syllabus of Chinese as a foreign language and counting the number of erroneous corpora,the more commonly used and erroneous"不X"conjunctions in modern Chinese are selected by learners:不但、不仅、不单、不光、不只.These five conjunctions are used as"不X...而且..."This fixed form appears.Through sentence by sentence analysis of relevant corpus in HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus,this paper finds that learners use"不X...而且..."The related errors in sentence pattern can be divided into three levels:syntax,semantics and pragmatics.According to"不X...而且..."The elements of sentence pattern determine the location of errors,and learners’syntactic errors can be preliminarily divided into subject errors,predicate errors,related word errors and overall structure errors.In addition,it also involves the lack of components,redundancy,as well as improper collocation,word order disorder,sentence pattern hybridity and structural symmetry.Semantics,borrowed from logical linguistics will"不X...而且..."After the expression"不XP,而且Q"is presented,it is found that learners’semantic errors are manifested as misjudging the semantic relationship between P and Q and reversing the logical order of P and Q.In addition,some semantic conflicts are also involved.At the pragmatic level,learners’errors include focus errors,presupposition errors and confusion errors.In order to further analyze learners’errors and summarize the rules,this paper carries out data statistics on the basis of classifying errors.The results show that the errors of learners’use of these five conjunctions have great commonality,and at the same time show obvious imbalance.The common error frequency is syntactic error>pragmatic error>semantic error,which is similar to that of"不X...而且...".The syntactic rules are the most complex,the pragmatic features are abstract and difficult to understand,and the semantic features are relatively simple.Due to the flexibility of Chinese expression,"不X...而且..."sentence pattern shows more complex rules of use,which is the direct factor leading to frequent mistakes of learners.In addition,the non-standard examples in the textbook and the inappropriate guidance of teachers will also lead to the deviation of learners’understanding.From the learner’s own point of view,the insufficient knowledge and generalization of the target language and the negative influence of the native language habit are the important reasons for their wrong output.Based on the causes of these errors,this paper finally puts forward some targeted teaching strategies,such as explicit rules,block teaching,context teaching,targeted teaching and contrast teaching. |
