Anscombe’s Answer To "Hume’s Problem" And His Evaluation

Once some issues were raised,they received widespread attention.The "Hume problem" is such a problem that has received much attention in the history of Western philosophy,and it is also one of the classic problems of moral philosophy.When philosophical researchers study the "Hume problem",they equate it with the "problem of the relationship between fact and value" in the dimension of axiology.The text of the question of whether value can be inferred from facts originates from Hume’s "On Human Nature",in which the question of "is" and "should" is mentioned,which has been interpreted and developed by later philosophers,Its influence extends far beyond what is discussed in philosophy and ethics.Deep digging and understanding of Hume’s problem will help us to find the possibility of generalization between facts and values.Anscombe stood on the shoulders of his predecessors and tried to explore and answer the "Hume problem".The meaning of the text of the problem should be analyzed,and two paths to solve this problem are proposed,namely:from "yes" to "debt" and from "yes" to "needs",namely institutional facts and human nature facts,and Scoum’s answer to Hume’s problem is the source of ideas for the virtue philosopher MacIntyre to solve it.Therefore,it is necessary to have some discussion on the ideological viewpoints of Moore,Emotionalists,and Hale.In the process of responding to the "Hume problem",Moore put forward the"naturalistic fallacy" point of view,that fact and value belong to two different kingdoms,which are binary opposition.With the development of sentimentalist philosophers,the dichotomy of fact and value has been strengthened,and the dualistic view of the two has become the mainstream view in the Western philosophical circle.But the related effort to insist that there is an intrinsic link between facts and values has never ceased.The universal prescriptiveism proposed by Hale pays attention to the evaluative and descriptive meanings of value words,and believes that description is the basis of evaluation judgments,and value judgments composed of value words have the properties of norms and generalizability,that is,they found that "" Value words" offer the possibility to bridge the gap between fact and value.Anscombe was shocked by the new moral problems caused by World War Ⅱ,and began to reflect on how immoral ideas were generated during World War Ⅱ,and then when critically reflecting on the views of metaethicists,she had to Facing the "Hume Problem".In the process of trying to answer this question,she discovered that there is value in the fact of the object,and she tried to reveal the way of value in the fact of social system and human nature,that is,with "debt" and "needs" as the medium,as the intermediary between fact and value found the basis for the association.She advocates abandoning "should" in the moral sense and returning to virtue ethics.Her answer to the"Hume Problem" also allows us to see the possibility of bridging the "gap" between facts and values in the practical field(or in daily life)between human facts and institutional facts,and opens the way for the revival of Aristotelian virtue The movement trend of ethics and Anscombe’s idea of solving the "Hume problem" also had a huge impact on later generations.