| Objective:Through retrospective analysis of clinical data of premature infants admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021,the birth weight and gestational age composition ratio of premature infants,the incidence rate of complications related to premature infants,the causes of premature births,treatment methods and prognosis of premature infants in Grade III general hospitals were investigated.To provide certain data for the treatment of premature infants,but also to reduce the morbidity and mortality of premature infants and reduce the incidence of complications to provide clinical basis.Methods:The Data Survey and Registration Form of Hospitalized premature infants in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University was designed to collect1,476 premature infants born from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021 and hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology of our hospital.The general situation,common complications,causes,treatment and prognosis of 1476 cases of premature infants were retrospectively analyzed,and statistical software SPSS25.0 was used for statistical analysis and processing of the data.The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation,and the count data were expressed as incidence or component ratio.X2test was used to analyze the distribution of data（Fisher’s exact probability test was used when X2could not be used when the sample size was too small）.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Results:Based on the analysis of 1,476 premature infants born in our hospital from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021 and hospitalized in the neonatology department of our hospital,it is concluded that:1.Preterm infants within 3 years were divided into four groups according to gestational age:There were 22 preterm infants at<28 weeks（1.49%）,179 preterm infants at 28 weeks～31+6weeks（12.13%）,240 preterm infants at 32 weeks～33+6weeks（16.26%）,and 1035 preterm infants at 34 weeks～36+6weeks（70.12%）.The mean gestational age was 34.04±2.87 weeks.The minimum gestational age is 24+1weeks.2.Preterm infants within 3 years were divided into 4 groups according to birth weight:There were 32 preterm infants with<1000g（2.2%）,160 preterm infants with1000g～1499g（10.8%）,874 preterm infants with 1500g～2499g（59.2%）,and 410preterm infants with≥2500g（27.8%）.The mean birth weight was 2165.32±543.31g.The minimum birth weight was 430g and the maximum was 4210g.3.The male to female ratio of 1476 premature infants was 1.24:1.With the increase of gestational age,there was no significant difference in the male to female ratio（P>0.05）.With the increase of birth weight,the male ratio gradually increased,which had significant significance（P<0.05）.4.A total of 799 cases had hypothermia（54.13%）.The incidence of hypothermia was correlated with gestational age.With the increase of gestational age,the incidence of hypothermia of preterm infants decreased（P<0.05）.5.The main causes of premature birth were:Premature rupture of membranes（601 cases,40.72%）,multiple pregnancy（451 cases,30.56%）,advanced parturients（345 cases,23.4%）,gestational hypertension（263 cases,17.82%）,gestational diabetes（243 cases,16.46%）,placenta previa（149 cases,10.09%）,hypothyroidism（113 cases,7.66%）,repeated abortion（95 cases,6.44%）,abnormal umbilical cord（88 cases,5.96%）,cicatricial uterus（74 cases,5.01%）,abnormal fetal position（64 cases,4.34%）,prenatal infection（58 cases,3.93%）,immune-related diseases（48 cases,3.25%）,anemia（37 cases,2.51%）,young parturients（22 cases,1.49%）,placental abruption（21 cases,1.42%）.6.The common complications of preterm infants were as follows:Jaundice（1232cases,83.47%）,neonatal pneumonia（663 cases,44.92%）,neonatal anemia（552 cases,37.4%）,NRDS（392 cases,26.56%）,neonatal asphyxia（341 cases,23.1%）,PDA（243cases,16.46%）,neonatal sepsis（227 cases,15.38%）,gastrointestinal hemorrhage（227 cases,15.38%）,AOP（180 cases,12.2%）,BPD（127 cases,8.6%）,hypothyroidism（100 cases,6.78%）,Intraventricular hemorrhage（77 cases,5.22%）,ROP（59 cases,4%）,pulmonary hypertension（56 cases,3.79%）,HIE（37 cases,2.51%）,NEC（18 cases,1.22%）.With the increase of gestational age and body weight,the incidence of various diseases decreased gradually（P<0.05）.7.A total of 195 premature infants were treated with PS（13.21%）,and the use rate of PS increased with the decrease of gestational age and body weight.8.A total of 768 cases（52.03%）used respiratory support,including 283 cases（20.53%）of oxygen therapy,337 cases（22.83%）of non-invasive ventilatorassisted ventilation,and 147 cases（9.96%）of invasive ventilatorassisted ventilation.With the increase of gestational age and birth weight,the proportion of premature infants using respiratory support decreased significantly.9.The mean length of hospital stay was 13.33±12.22 days.With the increase of gestational age and birth weight,the length of hospital stay of preterm infants decreased gradually（R values were-0.631,-0.269,P<0.001）;With the increase of gestational age and birth weight,the recovery rate of preterm infants was significantly different among all groups（P<0.001）.10.A total of 99 premature infants died（6.7%）,according to gestational age:13premature infants died at<28 weeks（0.88%）,33 infants died at 28 weeks～31+6weeks（2.24%）,15 infants died at 32 weeks～33+6 weeks（1.02%）,and 33 infants died at 34 weeks～36+6 weeks（2.24%）.According to birth weight,12 premature infants with<1000g died（0.81%）,34 infants with 1000g～1499g died（2.3%）,31infants with 1500g～2499g died（2.1%）,and 22 infants with≥2500g died（1.49%）.Conclusion（s）:1.The number of hospitalized preterm infants decreased year by year from 2019to 2021,and the majority of hospitalized preterm infants were middle and late preterm infants≥32 weeks.2.The common causes of preterm birth were premature rupture of membranes,multiple pregnancies,advanced parturients,hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy and gestational diabetes.3.The incidence of common complications in preterm infants from high to low were jaundice,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal anemia,NRDS,neonatal asphyxia,PDA,neonatal sepsis,digestive tract hemorrhage,AOP,BPD,hypothyroidism,intracranial hemorrhage,ROP,pulmonary hypertension,HIE,NEC.And correlated with gestational age and weight.4.In the treatment of premature infants,both the use of PS and respiratory support play an important role.Non-invasive ventilation is the main method of respiratory support,and the use rate of respiratory support is negatively correlated with gestational age and weight.5.The outcome of premature infants is related to gestational age and birth weight. |
