Mining And Collecting Of Foreign Medicines And Its Application Knowledge In Major Chinese Classics Of Sui,Tang And Five Dynasties

The Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties periods were from 581 to 960 AD.After the unification of China in the Sui Dynasty(581-618 AD),the nearly four centuries of political separation ended,creating favorable conditions for the development of science,culture,medicine,and health.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,most rulers attached great importance to culture,medicine,and health,which led to the great development of traditional Chinese medicine during this period.In addition,drugs are an indispensable component of Sino foreign trade,and during the Tang Dynasty,there was an unprecedented prosperity in the exchange of knowledge on drugs and their applications.While traditional Chinese medicine has spread to various countries,various foreign drugs have also been continuously introduced to China.Some of these foreign drugs were introduced through tribute or tribute.For example,in the "Tribute Chapter" of Cefu Yuangui,more than 40 people explicitly mentioned that tribute products were drugs.Most foreign drugs were imported into China by countries in the form of trade.However,there is currently a lack of interdisciplinary methods for carpet style excavation,quantitative statistics,and comparison of ancient and modern applications of foreign drugs during the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties periods.Objectives:Revealing the varieties and characteristics of foreign medicinal herbs and compound formulas in the main Chinese classics during the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties periods,laying the foundation for further quantitative and comprehensive research on the exchange of traditional Chinese and foreign medicines.Methods:1.Excavate and extract foreign medicinal materials and their application information from major Chinese classics during the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties periods,and establish a database of foreign medicinal material information;Use Excel software to collect and analyze the basic information and characteristics of foreign medicinal materials,such as type,country of origin,medicinal properties,taste,indications,usage,and dosage.Use SPSS software to compare the medicinal properties,taste,and indications of foreign medicinal materials between ancient and modern times.2.Excavate and extract foreign compound prescriptions and their application information from major Chinese classics during the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties periods,and establish a database of foreign compound prescriptions information;Use Excel software to collect and analyze the basic information and characteristics of compound prescriptions,such as prescription composition,country of origin,number of medicinal flavors,dosage of medicinal herbs,indications,dosage forms,delivery substances,and medication contraindications.Results:1.Characteristics of foreign medicinal materials: A total of 14 books are involved,including 7 Traditional Chinese medicine classics,2 religious classics,4historical classics,and 1 folk custom classic.155 kinds of foreign medicinal materials are included,such as Cinnamomum japonicum,Plumbago zeylanica,Juglans regia, etc;It is roughly distributed in 11 countries or regions,among which there are 55 kinds of medicinal materials at most from Aizhou,Annan,Jiaozhi,Jiaozhou,and the South China Sea(Vietnam in the northern part of the Mainland Southeast Asia),and51 kinds from Persia(Iran),mostly distributed in valleys.Most medicinal herbs can be harvested throughout the year,followed by summer.Most of the warm medicinal herbs have the same medicinal properties as recorded today;There are the most pungent herbs,with 49 medicinal herbs having the same taste as recorded today;There are 15 types of poisonous or slightly poisonous medicinal herbs.The diseases commonly used for treatment include "digestive system diseases","symptoms,signs and clinical and laboratory abnormalities that cannot be classified elsewhere","certain infectious diseases and Parasitic disease","Genitourinary system diseases","diseases with Chinese characteristics" and "skin and Subcutaneous tissue diseases".The record of dosage forms is mainly composed of decoction,compress,plaster,and powder;There are 4 types of medicinal herbs with recorded dosage,mostly measured in units such as money dagger,dagger,and pill.There are 5 medicinal herbs that record other uses,including making gold and silver foil sheets for hair dyeing,clothes washing.2.Characteristics of foreign compound prescriptions: There are a total of 4books involved,including 92 foreign compound prescriptions,such as Wuxiang Powder,Qipowanbing Pill,Lianzicao Gao,Zhichiyan Formula,etc,The Waitai Miyaofang has a maximum collection of 60,with Qipo Wanbing Pill and Shangqi Prescription included in three books at the same time.A total of 267 types of medicinal materials are used,including 180 plant medicines,41 animal medicines,37 mineral medicines,and 9 others.Roughly sourced from 5 countries or regions,with a maximum of 49 compounds originating from India and Southeast Asia,and 41 compounds originating from Persia(Iran).The proportion of compounds containing 3medicinal herbs is 20.65%,with a maximum of 32 compounds containing only one medicinal herb,and 11 compounds containing only one medicinal herb.The most commonly used medicinal herbs are Xunluxiang(17 times),Next is the Qingmuxiang(16 times).Diseases commonly used for treatment include "symptoms,signs and clinical and laboratory abnormalities that cannot be classified elsewhere","digestive system diseases","certain infectious diseases and Parasitic disease","skin and Subcutaneous tissue diseases","eye and accessory diseases","diseases with Chinese characteristics",etc.The dosage form records are mainly composed of decoction,powder,pill,and plaster;There are 10 compound prescriptions that record the substances to be taken,including wine,water,and bamboo liquor;There are 25 compound prescriptions that record medication contraindications.Conclusions:During the Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,there were abundant varieties of foreign medicinal materials and compounds.Their origins were mainly in Iran,India(ancient India)and Southeast Asia.They were mainly used to treat diseases of the digestive system,some infectious diseases and Parasitic disease.Most of them are still used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine today.