Research Of The Gut Microbiota Diversity In Gallstone Patients During The Perioperative Period Based On 16s RRNA Sequencing

Objective:1.Detect the intestinal flora of perioperative gallstone patients,colorectal cancer patients and healthy people by 16 s rRNA sequencing.2.Contrast the flora of perioperative gallstone patients with the healthy population,as well as post-cholecystectomy patients with colorectal cancer patients at the levels of phylum,family and genus.3.Evaluate the disturbance of intestinal microecology in patients with gallstone disease,providing a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment.Methods:We collected 127 fecal samples from a total of 99 Chinese adults with gallstones,colorectal cancer and healthy volunteers attending the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in 2021-2022,and characterized their microbial communities.All elements involved in the study protocol followed the relevant regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki,and were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.All individuals signed a written informed consent prior to sample collection.We excluded individuals with constipation,bloody stools,diarrhea,or any other symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders,and those who had taken antibiotics in the last month.All stool samples were collected within 4 hours into sterile lyophilized tubes and stored in a-80°C refrigerator.The same standard equipment materials and collection protocol were used for each sample.Our analysis was conducted on 127 fecal samples subdivided as follows: common bile duct stones(CBDS,20 samples);calculus of the gallbladder(CGB,34 samples);laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC,15 samples);laparoscopic common bile duct exploration two weeks(LCBDE2W,eight samples);laparoscopic common bile duct exploration two months(LCBDE2M,five samples);endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP,five samples);colorectal cancer(CRC,18 samples);control group(CG,22 samples).We divided the samples into two categories,the gallbladder group(CG,CGB,LC,CRC)and the bile duct group(CG,CBDS,LCBDE2 W,LCBDE2M,ERCP).Results:Analysis of fecal samples by 16 s rRNA sequencing revealed that there was less of an antagonistic effect on the inferior bacteria in gallstone patients due to the dominant bacteria losing their advantages in the gut,allowing pathogenic bacteria to proliferate in the intestinal tract.Genus Escherichia-Shigella,Enterococcus,and Erysipelatoclostridium,which multiplied in the intestines,showed the notable modifications.There were low abundances of genus such as Faecalibacterium,Lachnospira,and Roseburia.Compared the intestinal flora of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration two months with the preoperative period,Bacteroides was significantly lower,while Escherichia-Shigella was higher.Conclusion:There is an altered microbial composition in gallstone patients.The microbial composition is markedly altered from that prior to surgery after two months after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,but there is no clear hallmark of microbiota linked to the other perioperative phase.The intestinal flora of patients after cholecystectomy did not differ significantly from that of colorectal cancer patients.