Bioinformatics-based Analysis Of Common Differential Genes In Acute Myocardial Infarction And Periodontitis

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction（AMI）is a process in which an unstable plaque ruptures or erupts on the basis of coronary atherosclerosis and then secondary to thrombosis,resulting in sustained or complete occlusion of the coronary artery and causing ischemic and hypoxic necrosis of cardiac myocytes.Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal supporting tissues caused by multiple factors involving the interaction between bacterial products,a large cell population,and inflammatory mediators.Current research suggests that the development of both diseases is closely linked to the inflammatory response.As the mechanisms associated with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease continue to be studied,more and more risk factors are being identified and studied,and these risk factors are being intervened in the clinical setting.Nowadays,many studies have confirmed a clear correlation between acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis,with common mechanisms and cross-reactivity between the two diseases.In this study,we investigated the association between genes and diseases and the correlation between different diseases at the genetic level using bioinformatics methods to further explore the potential association between acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis.ObjectiveGEO（Gene Expression Omnibus）database was searched for data sets related to acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis.Using bioinformatics methods,the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）for each of the two diseases were screened and common differentially expressed genes were screened.The differentially expressed genes were subjected to enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis to clarify the relevant biological functions of the genes and screen for key genes,thus revealing the potential correlation between acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis.MethodThe peripheral blood mononuclear cell sample set GSE62646 for acute myocardial infarction and GSE156993 for periodontitis were screened through the GEO online database.The peripheral blood mononuclear cell sample set of 28 patients with myocardial infarction on the first day and the sample data of14 controls were selected from GSE62646.The GEO2R online tool was used to screen the differentially expressed genes in the acute myocardial infarction sample set using the screening criteria of"P<0.05 and|log₂ FC|≥0.5".In GSE156993,a sample set of 24 patients with periodontitis and a sample set of 6 healthy people were analyzed using GEO2R,and"P<0.05 and|log₂ FC|≥0"was used as the screening condition to screen out differentially expressed genes in the sample set of periodontitis.Then we used DAVID online website to perform GO（Gene Ontology）functional enrichment analysis and KEGG（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes）pathway enrichment analysis to help define the biological functions associated with differentially expressed genes.Finally,protein-protein interaction（PPI）analysis was performed using STRING online database to obtain protein-protein interaction data.The results obtained can be imported into Cytoscape software for visualisation of PPI network maps and screening of key genes.The data were imported into Cytoscape software for visualization of PPI network maps and screening of key genes.The genes were enriched and PPI analyzed to identify the relevant biological functions and key genes using Wayne diagrams.ResultThe acute myocardial infarction sample set analyzed clearly had 351 genes with Gene Symbol,of which167 were up-regulated and 184 were down-regulated.The sample set of periodontitis had 1363 genes with Gene Symbols,including 582 up-regulated genes and 781 down-regulated genes.These differentially expressed genes were used to obtain 14 co-expressed differential genes using the Venn diagram:NCKAP1,ELOVL7,TSPAN2,PDE5A,SYNE1,ARHGEF12,EGF,FLVCR2,MAP3K6,CR1,IL1RN,TPP1,NFE2,and MYO15B.A total of 2 biological processes,2 cellular fractions and 1 KEGG pathway were enriched using the DAVID online website.The main enrichment processes were negative regulation of T cell proliferation,positive regulation of MAP kinase activity,and actin cytoskeleton regulation.Finally,PPI analysis of co-regulatory genes was performed using STRING online database,and then 3 key genes were screened by Cytoscape software:EGF,IL1RN,and ARHGEF12,which may be associated with the simultaneous occurrence of acute myocardial infarction and periodontitis.ConclusionAccording to the screening of this study,IFNG,SPI1,CCL4,LILRB2,CSF2RB,EGF,GZMA,KLRD1,CEBPB,CCR1,FGR,WAS,C1QB,TIGIT,C1QC genes in monocytes were expressed during acute myocardial infarction and may play a role in the development of acute myocardial infarction.EGFR,ITGB1,PTPN11,ATM,EGF,SOS1,TRAF6,RPS28,CCNB2,NSA2,BUB1,UBE2I,PIK3CB,NHP2,BIRC5 genes in monocytes are expressed in periodontitis and may play a role in the development of periodontitis patients.A total of 14 genes,NCKAP1,ELOVL7,TSPAN2,PDE5A,SYNE1,ARHGEF12,EGF,FLVCR2,MAP3K6,CR1,IL1RN,TPP1,NFE2,and MYO15B,were expressed in monocytes in both myocardial infarction and periodontitis.Among them,EGF,IL1RN,and ARHGEF12 were key genes,which may be associated with the simultaneous occurrence of periodontitis in acute myocardial infarction and may be a molecular predictive marker for the simultaneous occurrence of periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction.