Investigation And Analysis Of Public Health Literacy And Its Influencing Factors

Objective:The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly exposed lots of weaknesses in public health.The repeated epidemic has put forward newer and higher requirements for health education and management.This study is based on the theory of health behavior change model as Knowledge-Attitude-Practice,according to the public health-public health literacy-college students ’public health literacy progressive route,construction of college students’ public health literacy Knowledge-Attitude-Practice evaluation index system,to prepare a public health for Chinese college students literacy questionnaire,with verify reliability and validity.It is used to investigate the current situation of the public health literacy of college students in Ganzhou city,and to analyze its influencing factors.The construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis,and the relationship among college students’ public health awareness,knowledge and skill literacy were explored through the Structural Equation Model.The study aims to provide scientific reference and theoretical basis for further improving of health level and the quality of college students in the new era,as well as strengthening the health education and management of college students to promote the resilience of public health in the post-epidemic era.Methods:(1)Literature combing methodThrough Pub Med,CNKI,Wanfang database and other literature search platforms,with "public health","literacy","public health literacy","college students" as the theme,analysis lots of relevant literature such as relating literacy,questionnaire,scale,evaluation index system,evaluation method and so on,to provide reference materials and theoretical basis for the study.(2)The Delphi methodAuthoritative and representative experts were invited to conduct expert advice and letter inquiry on the preliminarily constructed evaluation index system of public health literacy of college students,and the questionnaire indicators were constantly deleted and modified according to the results of the letter inquiry.After two rounds of expert letters,expert opinions tend to be concentrated.Then the specific content of the evaluation index system of public health literacy of college students is finally determined.(3)Cross-sectional survey methodThe hierarchical cluster random sampling method was used to select the survey subjects in Ganzhou City.The demographic data and public health literacy of the respondents were investigated in the form of questionnaire star network questionnaire.Descriptive statistical analysis,univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of the formal survey data were conducted to obtain the current situation and influencing factors of college students’ public health literacy.The study used Microsoft Excel2019,SPSS 26.0 software to create database,to descriptive statistical analysis,chi-square test,two independent samples t test,analysis of variance,non-parametric rank sum test,Logistics univariate statistical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis of multiple linear regression analysis.(4)Construction of the structural equation model of college students’ public health literacy based on the theory of Knowledge-Attitude-PracticeThrough the structural equation model validation model and college students’ public health literacy level evaluation index system of adaptation and structure validity,including the public health awareness literacy,public health practice literacy and public health technical literacy,in order to verify the public health literacy cultivation mode.Results:(1)In terms of questionnaire compilation,on the basis of extensive access to literature and the theory,a three-level theoretical framework of the evaluation index system of college students’ public health literacy has been constructed.Experts from universities,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Health Commission and medical institutions were invited to conduct questionnaire letter inquiry.The overall authority coefficient of the two rounds were 0.8137 and 0.8462 respectively,indicating that the authority of experts was relatively high.The recovery rate of the 26 experts reached 100.0%,and the expert response coefficient was well.According to the suggestions of the experts,the first draft of the questionnaire was deleted,added and modified.While the average range of comprehensive coefficient of each item in the first round was 5.58-9.38,the range of coefficient of variation was 10%-60%;the average range of comprehensive coefficient of the second round of expert letter inquiry was 6.91-9.98,and the range of coefficient of variation was 5%-53%.The public health literacy questionnaire for college students in the formal questionnaire contains 3 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 52 third-level indicators.The development process strictly complies with the questionnaire preparation process,which has good reliability and scientificity can be used in the investigation of public health literacy.(2)The overall availability rate of public health literacy of college students was49.4%.From three dimensions,public health awareness literacy was the highest at58.3%,public health knowledge literacy was 43.7%,and public health skill literacy was 49.8%.The overall level of public health literacy of college students is good,but there is still a lot of room for improvement.Among the public health awareness literacy,college students have a poor awareness of public health-related behaviors.Among the public health literacy,the knowledge awareness rate of infectious disease prevention and treatment is poor,and the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge is generally good.In the public health skill literacy,the behavior ability of college students to "solve psychological problems during the epidemic period of major infectious diseases" needs to be improved;the cultivation of disaster self-rescue and rescue skills need to be improved.(3)Through the college students’ public health literacy influencing factors of single factor test and Logistics regression analysis,the results show that male,medical professional,voluntary public health volunteer service activities of college students’ public health literacy level is higher.Each year to participate in public health knowledge lecture low frequency,public health literacy self-evaluation of college students’ public health literacy level is lower.(4)Through the Structural Equation Model verification based on Knowledge-Attitude-Practice theory model,the public health awareness literacy has a positive influence on public health knowledge literacy.And the public health awareness literacy has an indirect influence on public health skill literacy.Conclusion:(1)The structural validity of the compiled questionnaire reaches the standard.The results of the theoretical structure of the public health literacy questionnaire and the actual survey data have reached a good standard,so it can be considered that the dimension of the questionnaire is applicable to investigate the level of public health literacy of college students.However,the specific entry content of the questionnaire needs to be further optimized in the future.(2)The public health literacy rate of college students in Ganzhou is good,but there is still a serious shortage of some knowledge and skills,especially the food safety knowledge and disaster self-rescue and rescue skills need to be improved.(3)Gender,specialty and participation in public health activities are the influencing factors of public health literacy among college students.Male,medical majors,and college students who voluntarily participate in public health volunteer service activities have a high level of public health literacy.And low frequency of public health-related knowledge lectures every academic year,and those with poor public health literacy have a low level of public health literacy.(4)Schools and all sectors of society should pay attention to enhance college students’ awareness of public health prevention,responsibility and public health behavior.As the birthplace of multiple types of knowledge,schools need to integrate the training and education of public health practice skills into the teaching plans.It is a new requirement in the new era to attach importance to the construction of public health knowledge system and effectively increase the teaching frequency of public health related knowledge.