24-hour Urinary Sodium And Potassium Excretion,Circadian Rhythm Of Blood Pressure And Related Factors In Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Single-center Study

Objective The sodium and potassium intake level and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension treated in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital were studied,and their influencing factors were further discussed,so as to provide certain basis for dietary guidance and antihypertensive treatment for hypertension patients in Dali area.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the general information and clinical data of hospitalized patients with first diagnosis of essential hypertension admitted to the Department of General Medicine and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital from September 2018 to April 2022.The 24-hour urine and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure were collected to evaluate the level of urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting the 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure.Results 1.A total of 206 patients with essential hypertension were included in this study.Their average 24 h sodium excretion was 191.51mmol/d and their average24 h potassium excretion was 42.66mmol/d.Taking daily salt intake of adults < 6g/d(equivalent to sodium excretion < 100 mmol/d)as the standard,the high salt intake rate of the subjects was 86.89%,and potassium intake of 4 subjects(2%)reached the recommended level of 90mmol/d.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that24 h urinary potassium excretion(OR=0.944,95%CI: 0.912-0.978,P < 0.05)was an independent factor affecting sodium excretion.2.The subjects were divided into four groups according to the results of ambulatorized blood pressure,including 106 cases(51.4%)in the non-scoop group,33 cases(16%)in the reverse scoop group,63 cases(30.6%)in the scoop group,and 4 cases(2%)in the deep scoop group.The subjects were divided into two groups(non-scoop type and reverse scoop type)and reduced nighttime blood pressure load group(scoop type and deep scoop type).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood sodium(OR=1.107,95%CI: 1.013-1.210,P=0.024 < 0.05),blood potassium(OR=0.372,95%CI: 0.170-0.816,P=0.014 < 0.05)were the influencing factors of night blood pressure load.Conclusion In this study,the sodium intake and potassium intake of hypertensive patients were obviously high and insufficient,and most patients had high nocturnal blood pressure load.Therefore,appropriate dietary intervention should be carried out for hypertensive patients to reduce sodium intake and appropriately increase potassium intake,so as to improve blood pressure control level.