| Objective:Evaluate the iodine nutrition of Dali people by investigating the iodized salt consumption of Dali residents in 2022,the urine iodine level of different populations,the goiter rate of children,and the iodine content of dairy products on sale in Dali,and understand the iodine content level of dairy products in Dali to enrich the iodine content database of dairy products in different regions of China;By conducting a questionnaire survey and analyzing the urinary iodine status of people with different consumption levels of dairy products in Dali Prefecture,we preliminarily understand whether dairy iodine has an impact on the iodine nutrition of the population,explore the feasibility of key populations supplementing iodine through dairy products,and provide a basis for the next improvement of iodine deficiency disease prevention and control measures in Yunnan Province.Method: According to the Yunnan Iodine Deficiency Disease Monitoring Program,non-boarding students and pregnant women aged 8-10 were selected from 12 counties(cities,districts)in Dali Prefecture at different locations(with no less than 200 students and no less than 100 pregnant women in each county)for investigation.Conduct a case study and dairy product consumption survey on all subjects to understand the types,brands,and consumption of dairy products consumed by the population in Dali area;Collect iodized salt consumed at home by pregnant women and school-age children,as well as random daily urine samples from the population,and perform thyroid ultrasound examination on children.Urine iodine detection adopts the "Determination of Iodine in Urine-Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrometric Method",and salt iodine detection adopts the titration method;The goiter rate,median urinary iodine,qualified iodized salt consumption rate and thyroid volume were analyzed.Purchase different types of dairy products(such as milk,yogurt,milk powder,etc.)that are frequently consumed by residents in Dali Prefecture,and detect the iodine content in dairy products according to the third method "Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometer Method" in GB5009.267-2020 to understand the iodine content level of dairy products in Dali Prefecture.Results: 1.The iodine content of drinking water in 12 counties in Dali Prefecture ranges from 0 ～ 66.1μ g/L,the median is 0.9 μ g/L.The iodine content of drinking water in all investigated counties is<10 μ g/L,iodine deficiency area.2.The median iodized salt for Dali residents was 25.0 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.8%,the qualified rate of iodized salt was 94.2%,and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.9%.3.Pregnant women had a median urinary iodine concentration of 171.5μg/ L,and the median urinary iodine in school aged children was 223.9μg/ L,pregnant women and school aged children are in iodine nutrition adequate levels;The median urinary iodine concentrations in the first,second,and third trimesters were 192.6μg/L、179.7μg/L、146.9μg/ L,gradually decreasing maternal urinary iodine with increasing gestation,and in the third trimester at a level of insufficient iodine nutrition;8.Median urinary iodine concentrations in children aged 9 and 10 years were 215.1μg/L、227.6μg/L、244.5μg/ L,which increased with age in children and was highest in the 10-yearold group.4.The goiter rate in school-age children was 1.0%(24 people),and the goiter rate in the 8-year-old group(1.9%)was higher than that in the 9-year-old group(0.8%)and 10-yearold group(0.7%);The median thyroid volume was 2.1ml,and there was a statistically significant difference in thyroid volume among different age groups(p<0.05).5.The proportion of people who frequently consume dairy products in Dali Prefecture is the highest(48.9%),and the proportion of people who consume 100-500 ml per week is the highest(41%);with the highest proportion(51%)choosing pure milk for dairy products.6.The mean iodine content of commercially available dairy products in Dali was 36.0 ± 44.3μg/ 100 g,iodine content of milk powder > Rushan > yogurt > Rubin,milk powder with the highest iodine content(118.1±40.8μg / 100 g),and tortilla had the lowest iodine content(10.2 ±6.1μg/100g);The mean iodine content of dairy products produced in winter was 37.6 ± 46.1μg/ 100 g,the average iodine content of dairy products produced in summer was 33.2 ± 41.0μg / 100 g,there was no statistical difference in the iodine content of dairy products in different seasons.Conclusions:(1)The water iodine content in Dali state was low(median 0.9μg/ L),all prefectures and municipalities belonged to iodine deficient areas.(2)The effect of iodized salt coverage in Dali Prefecture is good,with a goiter rate of less than 5% among school-age children.The urine iodine MUI of the monitoring population is at an appropriate level of iodine nutrition,but the population in the third trimester of pregnancy may be at risk of iodine deficiency.(3)The proportion of people who frequently drink milk in Dali Prefecture is relatively high,and there are statistical differences in urine iodine among people with different consumption levels.(4)The mean iodine content of commercially available dairy products in Dali was36.0±44.3μg/100 g,which is higher than the iodine content data of dairy products published by the iodine supplementation guidelines for Chinese residents.(5)There is no difference in the iodine content of dairy products sold in Dali region in different seasons.The iodine content of milk powder> Rushan> milk > yoghurt > Rubin,there is higher in Rushan samples.(6)According to the new dietary guidelines,consuming 300-500 g of dairy products per day can basically meet the iodine needs of children,but pregnant women may be at risk of iodine deficiency. |
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