| Objective: To understand the nutritional and health status of rural compulsory education students in Xinjiang Corps,analyze the influencing factors and evaluate the effect of nutrition improvement program,and to provide scientific basis and suggestions for improving the nutritional status of students in rural areas.Methods: 1.Using the bookkeeping method to investigate the food intake of primary and middle school students,according to the "food composition table" to calculate the energy and the main nutrient intake,calculate the per capita intake and reference the dietary nutrient reference intake(DRIs)in 2013,and calculate the proportion of the reference level for the same age.2.According to the standard measurement method to monitor the height and weight of students,and reference the "China Student Physique and Health Research Report in 2010" to determine the growth retardation,weight loss and overweight and obesity detection rate.Measured the serum hemoglobin concentration by cyanide methemoglobin,calculated the prevalence of anemia according to the diagnostic criteria,and measured the serum vitamin A and vitamin D concentrations.Using SPSS21.0 statistical software analyzed data at different ages and sex,and compared with the baseline data in 2011.Results: 1.Each school cereals(324.35g)and edible oil(22.22g)were suitable,supply of vegetables(269.86g),poultry meat(51.31g),eggs(48.26g)and milk(85.24g)was lack,and legumes(17.14g)was a serious shortage,more than half of the school intake is zero,the monitoring results of each school year compared with 2011,there was no difference was statistically significant(F=1.23,P>0.05).Students Energy(1995.73kcal),protein(57.08g),vitamin A(554.87?gRE),iron(16.55mg)and zinc(8.74mg)were suitable supply,and vitamin C(63.47mg),calcium(831.95mg)were lack of supply,compared the four years data withthe baseline data,the difference was statistically significant(F= 353.64,P<0.05).2.Boys aged between 8 to 18 are lower than the national average,girls 8 to 14 years lower than the national average,boys and girls that 15 to 18 years old lower than the average level of Xinjiang;in weight boys 13 to 18 years old lower than national and Xinjiang average,girls in 18 years old lower than the national average,14 to 18 years old except 16 lower than the average level of Xinjiang,all the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05)..3.The total growth rate was 6.8% and that boys(8.1%)was higher than girls(5.2%)and the difference was statistically significant(?2=95.40,P<0.001).Compared with different age,the detection rate of growth retardation was the highest in high age group(17-18 years old)(?2=385.26,P<0.001).Total weight loss rate was 6.6%,the boys(7.6%)were higher than girls(5.5%)and the difference was statistically significant(Z=49.40,P<0.001).Compared with different age groups,the 16 th and 18 th age group had the highest weight loss rate and the difference was statistically significant(?2=88.89,P<0.001).Comparing the different years with baseline data,the malnutrition rate decreased year by year and also there was a statistically significant difference.Non-conditional logistics regression analysis,gender,age,cereal,energy,and protein were the factors of malnutrition.4.The total overweight rate was 9.0%,boys were 10.6% and 7.2% of girls;total obesity rate was 3.5%,boys were4.2% and 2.7% of girls,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=153.18,P<0.001).Compared with different age groups,there was significant difference between the groups,and the low age(6-8 years old)group was the highest(?2=153.18,P< 0.001).There was no significant difference in overweight and obesity rates between different school years.Non-conditional logistics regression analysis,gender,edible oils,energy and protein were influencing factors of overweight and obesity.5.The prevalence of total anemia was 14.4%,14.7% for boys and 14.1% for girls.The detection rate of anemia was no significant difference between boys and girls(? 2=0.33,P=0.56).Compared with different age,the prevalence of anemia was the highest in 11~12 years old group and the difference was statistically significant(?2=57.60,P<0.001).Compared with baseline data in different school years,the prevalence of anemia decreased year by year.Non-conditional logistics regression analysis,gender,livestock and poultry meat,vitamin A,iron,calcium were influencing factors.Serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels were lower than the reference value,male and female vitamin A levels did not have gender differences and vitamin D levels had gender differences(t=4.97,P<0.001).Conclusion: 1.The dietary structure of the compulsory education students in rural schools is unreasonable and the nutrient intake is not balanced.Nutrition improvement program have increasedfood intake and energy nutrient intake,but there is still a need for increased supply of legumes,protein,calcium and iron.2.The height of the students in the high age group is lower than the national and Xinjiang level,and the boys are lower than the girls.3.boys than girls are more prone to malnutrition,overweight and obesity,suggesting that boys are the focus of nutrition monitoring and improvement.In terms of age,high age group with high malnutrition,low age group prone to overweight and obesity.4.Compared with before the implementation of nutrition improvement program,the nutritional status of students have improved significantly,malnutrition rate was significantly reduced.5.The prevalence of anemia among students has been reduced after the program is implemented;while the serum vitamin A and vitamin D test results far below the reference value,there was a difference in vitamin D levels between boys and girls,suggesting increase the corresponding supply of vitamin A and D to improve the nutritional status of students in the region. |
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