Knowledge Graph Construction Of Cai Shengchao’s Acupuncture And Moxibustion Treatment Of Hemifacial Spasm Based On Data Mining

Objectives To analyze the clinical thinking and diagnosis and treatment characteristics of Professor Cai Shengchao ’s acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of Hemifacial spasm,and to construct the knowledge graph of Professor Cai Shengchao ’s acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of Hemifacial spasm,so as to provide a visual tool for the inheritance of clinical experience of famous old Chinese medicine.MethodsTo collect and sort out the medical records of patients with hemifacial spasm who were diagnosed and treated by Professor Cai Shengchao in the outpatient and ward of the Third Department of Geriatrics of Anhui Acupuncture and Moxibustion Hospital from January 2018 to November 2022,the follow-up medical records of Professor Cai Shengchao and the published works,journal papers and dissertations about his academic thoughts on the treatment of hemifacial spasm.The data of chief complaints,symptoms,acupoints,meridians and acupoint location were extracted,and the clinical diagnosis and treatment database of Professor Cai Shengchao ’s acupuncture and moxibustion for hemifacial spasm was established.SPSS Statistics23 was used for frequency statistics and cluster analysis,and SPSS Modeler14.1 and Gephi 9.2 were used for complex network visualization analysis.The above data mining results and conclusions were imported into Neo4 j Community 4.4.2 database for graph construction and display.Results1.In terms of symptoms,the frequency statistics of symptoms involves a total of 30 symptoms.Clinically,facial muscle twitching,affecting vision,upper eyelid twitching,and lower eyelid twitching are the top 4 symptoms.The knowledge graph of symptom elements showed that Professor Cai Shengchao identified the difference of disease in Yangming,Shaoyang,Taiyang and Jueyin according to the specific symptoms of meridian circulation.When the tic position was below the eyelid,face and mouth,or the facial muscle atrophy,the disease was in Yangming;when twitching tinnitus,tinnitus and twitching are closely related,or twitching involves partial head numbness or migraine,or ear numbness,or ear pain,pathogenic factors in Shaoyang;when twitching position above the eyelid,cheekbones,eyes closed,pathogenic factors in Taiyang;when the face twitches,it affects the vision,or feels that the eyeball rotates,ineffectively,the disease is in Jueyin.2.In terms of syndromes,30 symptoms were analyzed by cluster analysis,and 6 cluster symptom clusters were obtained by combining the relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine :(1)poor eye rotation,tongue crack,affecting vision,red tongue,facial tic,yellow moss,pulse number;(2)partial head numbness,greasy fur,pulse moistening,slippery pulse,periauricular pain,periauricular numbness;(3)migraine,wiry pulse,tinnitus;(4)lower eyelid twitch,white tongue,weak pulse;(5)thin fur,thin pulse,facial muscle atrophy,pale tongue,white fur,deep pulse,mouth twitch;(6)Zygomatic tic,upper eyelid tic,floating pulse,onset when eyes closed.The knowledge graph of syndrome differentiation elements showed that Professor Cai Shengchao obtained the TCM syndrome types of hemifacial spasm according to the syndrome differentiation of meridians and states of viscera,combined with the pulse condition of tongue coating : Cluster 1 syndrome differentiation was liver and kidney deficiency,yin deficiency and wind stirring syndrome.Cluster group 2 3 6 Syndrome differentiation for external pathogenic factors invasion,lack of healthy qi;cluster group 4 5 Syndrome differentiation is spleen and stomach weakness,blood deficiency and wind stirring syndrome.3.In terms of prescription,there are 51 acupoints involved in acupoint frequency statistics,with a total of 1787 times of use.There are 34 high-frequency acupoints with frequency > 20,among which Hegu,Chengqi,Sanyinjiao,Yintang,Zusanli,Baihui and Dicang are the most frequently used acupoints.Acupoint-meridian / location correlation statistical analysis shows that Professor Cai Shengchao ’s acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of hemifacial spasm is mainly related to the specific symptoms of these meridians,that is,the diseased meridians.When the disease is in the Yangming meridian,the acupoints location of the lower eyelid and the mouth on the foot Yangming meridian are mainly selected.In the Shaoyang and Taiyang meridians,the acupoints location of the lateral head,eye,ear and forehead on the Shaoyang and Taiyang meridians are mainly selected.When the disease is in the Jueyin meridian,the acupoints location of the foot Jueyin meridian,the distal lower limbs of the foot Shaoyin meridian,and the head and face of the Shaoyang meridians,which have internal and external relationswith Jueyin meridians,are selected.Cluster analysis was performed on 34 high-frequency acupoints,and 4 cluster acupoint groups were obtained :(1)Waiguan,Zusanli,Houxi,Shenmai,Quanliao,Yifeng,Jingming;(2)Gongsun,Neiguan,Taiyang,Xiaguan,Qianzheng,Zusanli,Yingxiang;(3)Jiache,Shuigou,Baihui,Dicang,Fengfu,Dazhui,Yintang,Chengqi,Sanyinjiao,Hegu,Sibai,Yuyao;(4)Taichong,Zhaohai,Fengchi,Lieque,Taixi,Sizhukong,Tongziliao,Ashi.The knowledge graph of prescription elements shows that Professor Cai Shengchao ’s prescription is based on the above-mentioned diseased meridians and eight confluence points that are connected to the qi of the extra meridians.For the external pathogenic factors invasion,lack of healthy qi,he chooses Houxi,Shenmai,Zulinqi and Waiguan,which are connected to the governor vessel,Yangqiao vessel,Dai vessel and Yangwei vessel respectively,to dispel wind,dredge meridians and relieve spasm,and dredge and constraint yang qi.It is used to treat the syndrome of yang qi stagnation and internal drum,that is,the prescription clustering group 1 is used to treat the external pathogenic factors invasion,lack of healthy qi;for patients with spleen and stomach weakness and blood deficiency and wind stirring syndrome,Gongsun and Neiguan,which are interlinked with Chong vessel and Yinwei vessel,are selected to supplement the spleen and stomach,nourish Qi and blood,and treat the syndrome of Qi and blood deficiency,that is,prescription clustering group 2 is used to treat spleen and stomach weakness and blood deficiency and wind stirring syndrome;for patients with liver and kidney deficiency,yin deficiency and wind stirring syndrome,Lieque and Zhaohai,which are interlinked with conception vessel and Yinqiao vessel,are selected to tonify liver and kidney,nourish yin,regulate essence and blood,for the treatment of yin deficiency syndrome,namely prescription clustering 4 for the treatment of liver and kidney deficiency,yin deficiency and wind stirring syndrome;in addition,prescription clustering 3 reuses governor vessel acupoints on the basis of classical acupoint selection of facial twitching,emphasizing the importance of regulating spirit.4.In terms of acupoint matching,through the analysis of symptom-acupoint complex network and the knowledge graph of acupoint matching elements,it is shown that when Professor Cai Shengchao treats hemifacial spasm,eyelid tic is closely related to Yifeng and Quanliao,and facial tic is closely related to Baihui,Fengfu,Dazhui,Fengchi,Yintang and Shuigou.From this,it can be concluded that Cai ’s empirical acupoints(prescriptions)for the treatment of hemifacial spasm are eyelid tic-Yifeng-Quanliao,facial tic-Baihui-Fengfu-Dazhui-Yintang-Shuigou.The effect of selecting Yifeng and Quanliao in patients with early eyelid twitching is to eliminate external pathogens,disperse and extinguish wind;when the disease progresses to facial twitching,Baihui,Fengfu,Dazhui,Yintang and Shuigou acupoint group is selected to have the meaning of dredging governor vessel and regulating spirit,and treating body and spirit together.ConclusionsAs an effective tool for knowledge integration,storage and retrieval,knowledge graph technology can provide assistance for the research on the inheritance of famous old Chinese medicine experience through visual graphics,and accelerate the explicitation of tacit knowledge in Chinese medicine case data.Based on data mining technology,this paper analyzes the diagnosis and treatment ideas of Professor Cai Shengchao’s acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of hemifacial spasm.Based on the results and conclusions of this part,the knowledge graph is constructed,and the knowledge system of’symptom-syndrome-prescription-acupoint’of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of hemifacial spasm is visualized.1.In terms of symptoms,Professor Cai Shengchao mainly distinguishes the location of the disease in Yangming,Shaoyang,Taiyang and Jueyin according to the specific symptoms of hemifacial spasmsuch as the main and accompanying symptoms.2.In terms of syndrome types,Professor Cai Shengchao combines meridian syndrome differentiation with states of viscera syndrome differentiation,obtains the syndrome types of HFS,and believes that the pathogenesis of HFS is mainly deficiency.3.In terms of prescription,Professor Cai Shengchao advocated the unobstructed passage of eight extra meridians first,and selected the diseased meridian and the eight confluence points of the eight extra meridians for prescription.4.As far as the matching points are concerned,the matching points are applied to the main symptoms,and the effective points Yifeng and Quanliao are selected for eyelid twitching to eliminate external pathogens and disperse wind and extinguish wind;facial twitch selected Tongdu Tiaoshen group acupoint to treat the form and spirit together.