| Objective: The paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the hypothalamus is an important integration center for autonomic and endocrine response information,regulating visceral functional activity,however,whether it is involved in the remission mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)in rats with chronic nephritis is unclear.Methods: A rat model of chronic nephritis was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloprotein-calf serum protein(BSA)for two consecutive weeks.Bilateral Taixi Acupoint and Zusanli Acupoint were used for 14 days of electroacupuncture treatment.After treatment,rat urine and serum were collected to measure serum levels of inflammatory factors and changes in kidney function.The pathological changes of kidney tissue of rats in each group were observed by HE staining technology.The Plexon multi-channel acquisition system was used to record the firing and field potential(LFP)of PVN neurons in each group of rats.Offline Sorter software was used for cluster analysis,and Neuro Explore software was used to perform raster analysis of neuron firing,and the signal frequency and spectral energy of each group of neurons were collected.The function and mechanism of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclear PVN participation in electroacupuncture in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis was verified by chemogenetic method to inhibit the virus by PVN injection.Results: Compared with the blank group,the urinary protein,creatinine,urea nitrogen,interleukin 6,1β and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.0001).Compared with the model group,the urine protein,creatinine,urea nitrogen,interleukin 6,1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the electroacupuncture group were significantly reduced(P<0.0001).After PVN destruction,interleukin6,1βwere significantly increased(P<0.001),PRO(P<0.001)and BUN(P<0.05)in rats in the damaged group compared with the model group.Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the damaged rats had significantly higher PRO(P<0.0001),BUN(P<0.05),IL-6and IL-1β(P<0.0001).HE staining showed that the renal structure of rats in the blank group was basically normal,the distribution was uniform,the size of the glomerular cavity was normal,the tubular structure was clear,there was no expansion,there was no inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium,and there was no fibrosis.However,the number of glomeruli in rats in the model group was significantly reduced,the renal tubules were dilated,and a large number of inflammatory cells in the interstitium were infiltrate.Compared with the model group,the rats in the electroacupuncture group had a large number of inflammatory cells and reduced the degree of tubular dilation.The degree of renal pathological damage in rats in the damaged group was between the model group and the electroacupuncture group.The activity frequency of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the blank group(P<0.0001),and the activity frequency of neurons in the electroacupuncture group was significantly weaker than that in the model group(P<0.0001).The spectral energy analysis showed that compared with the blank group,the spectral energy of the model group increased significantly,and compared with the model group,the spectral energy of the electroacupuncture group was weakened.The results of chemical genetic methods showed that the levels of PRO,Cre,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.0001).Compared with the model group,the levels of PRO,Cre,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the h M4 D group decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,there were no significant differences in the levels of PRO,Cre,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the h Syn-EGFP control group(P>0.05).Conclusion: Electroacupuncture Taixi and Zusanli points can treat chronic glomerulonephritis by inhibiting PVN neuronal activity,effectively improving renal function damage and reducing the release of inflammatory factors. |
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